Jang Won Jin, Jang Ho Won, Kim Soo Young
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
Small Methods. 2024 Feb;8(2):e2300207. doi: 10.1002/smtd.202300207. Epub 2023 May 18.
A tandem solar cell, which is composed of a wide bandgap (WBG) top sub-cell and a narrow bandgap (NBG) bottom subcell, harnesses maximum photons in the wide spectral range, resulting in higher efficiency than single-junction solar cells. WBG (>1.6 eV) perovskites are currently being studied a lot based on lead mixed-halide perovskites, and the power conversion efficiency of lead mixed-halide WBG perovskite solar cells (PSCs) reaches 21.1%. Despite the excellent device performance of lead WBG PSCs, their commercialization is hampered by their Pb toxicity and low stability. Hence, lead-free, less toxic WBG perovskite absorbers are needed for constructing lead-free perovskite tandem solar cells. In this review, various strategies for achieving high-efficiency WBG lead-free PSCs are discussed, drawing inspiration from prior research on WBG lead-based PSCs. The existing issues of WBG perovskites such as V loss are discussed, and toxicity issues associated with lead-based perovskites are also addressed. Subsequently, the natures of lead-free WBG perovskites are reviewed, and recently emerged strategies to enhance device performance are proposed. Finally, their applications in lead-free all perovskite tandem solar cells are introduced. This review presents helpful guidelines for eco-friendly and high-efficiency lead-free all perovskite tandem solar cells.
串联太阳能电池由宽带隙（WBG）顶部子电池和窄带隙（NBG）底部子电池组成，可在宽光谱范围内捕获最大数量的光子，因此其效率高于单结太阳能电池。目前，基于铅混合卤化物钙钛矿对宽带隙（>1.6 eV）钙钛矿进行了大量研究，铅混合卤化物宽带隙钙钛矿太阳能电池（PSC）的功率转换效率达到了21.1%。尽管铅基宽带隙PSC具有优异的器件性能，但其商业化受到铅毒性和低稳定性的阻碍。因此，构建无铅钙钛矿串联太阳能电池需要无铅、低毒的宽带隙钙钛矿吸收体。在这篇综述中，我们从之前对基于铅的宽带隙PSC的研究中汲取灵感，讨论了实现高效无铅宽带隙PSC的各种策略。讨论了宽带隙钙钛矿存在的诸如电压损失等问题，还探讨了与铅基钙钛矿相关的毒性问题。随后，对无铅宽带隙钙钛矿的性质进行了综述，并提出了最近出现的提高器件性能的策略。最后，介绍了它们在无铅全钙钛矿串联太阳能电池中的应用。这篇综述为环保且高效的无铅全钙钛矿串联太阳能电池提供了有益的指导方针。
