Academy of Management, Guangdong University of Science and Technology, Dongguan, China.
Department of Finance, School of Economics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2023 Jul;30(34):81600-81615. doi: 10.1007/s11356-023-27580-3. Epub 2023 May 19.
A key strategy for social development and sustainable urban expansion is building sustainable and affordable transport systems. In this study, we aim to test the validity of the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis and reveal the impact of infrastructure investment in transportation systems in China, Turkey, India, and Japan over the period 1995-2020 on environmental degradation. According to dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS) method analysis, per capita GDP and per capita GDP have a significant positive impact on per capita CO emission, while per capita GDP has a significant adverse impact on per capita CO emission. These results confirm the validity of the N-shaped EKC assumption, while inconsistent with the results of the FMOLS technique, showing that per capita GDP is significantly positive, while per capita GDP and per capita GDP have a significant negative impact on per capita carbon emissions. Moreover, as clarified by the fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS) and DOLS methods, road infrastructure investment (RO), aviation infrastructure investment, trade openness, and foreign direct investment (FDI) have significant positive effects, while railway infrastructure investment (RA) has a significant negative effect on per capita carbon emission. Country-level estimates of per capita carbon emission-based DOLS strategies in the model show that only China and Japan have N-shaped EKC hypothesis. Road infrastructure investment, aviation infrastructure investment, and trade openness have significant positive effects, while railway infrastructure investment has a significant negative effect on per capita CO emission in selected central and east Asian countries. The latest electrified rail systems are well thought out and less polluting, so the contribution of rail infrastructure investment to the transport mix can support sustainable and safe transport systems at city center and intercity levels and reduce environmental pollution in central and east Asian countries. Moreover, the implementation of the basic environmental settings of trade agreements should be strengthened to condense the growing impact of free trade on environmental pollution.
实现社会发展和可持续城市扩张的一个关键战略是构建可持续且负担得起的交通系统。在本研究中，我们旨在检验环境库兹涅茨曲线（EKC）假说的有效性，并揭示基础设施投资在交通运输系统中对中国、土耳其、印度和日本的影响，时间跨度为 1995 年至 2020 年，研究对象为环境恶化。根据动态普通最小二乘法（DOLS）分析，人均 GDP 和人均 GDP 对人均 CO 排放有显著的正向影响，而人均 GDP 对人均 CO 排放有显著的负向影响。这些结果证实了 N 形 EKC 假设的有效性，与 FMOLS 技术的结果不一致，表明人均 GDP 显著为正，而人均 GDP 和人均 GDP 对人均碳排放有显著的负向影响。此外，正如完全修正的普通最小二乘法（FMOLS）和 DOLS 方法所阐明的那样，道路基础设施投资（RO）、航空基础设施投资、贸易开放度和外国直接投资（FDI）具有显著的正向影响，而铁路基础设施投资（RA）对人均碳排放有显著的负向影响。模型中基于人均碳排放的 DOLS 策略的国家层面估计表明，只有中国和日本具有 N 形 EKC 假设。道路基础设施投资、航空基础设施投资和贸易开放度具有显著的正向影响，而铁路基础设施投资对选定的中亚和东亚国家的人均 CO 排放具有显著的负向影响。最新的电气化铁路系统经过深思熟虑，污染较少，因此铁路基础设施投资对交通组合的贡献可以支持市中心和城际水平的可持续和安全的交通系统，并减少中亚和东亚国家的环境污染。此外，应加强贸易协定的基本环境设置的执行力度，以遏制自由贸易对环境污染的日益增长的影响。
