Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head- and Neck Surgery, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology, Division of Oncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
PLoS One. 2023 May 19;18(5):e0285740. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0285740. eCollection 2023.
Pathophysiological alterations in the cochlea and functional tests of the auditory pathway support that in diabetes both vasculopathy and neural changes could be present. The aim of our research was to study the differential effect of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) on two different age groups. Audiological investigation was carried out in 42 patients and 25 controls at the same age groups. Investigation of the conductive and sensorineural part of the hearing system by pure tone audiometry, distortion product otoacoustic emission measurement and acoustically evoked brainstem response registration were evaluated. Among the 19-39-year-old people the incidence of hearing impairment was not different in the diabetes and control groups. Among the 40-60-year-old people hearing impairment was more common in the diabetes group (75%) than in the control group (15,4%). Among patients with type 1 diabetes, the mean threshold values were higher in both age groups at all frequencies although significant difference was in 19-39 years old group: 500-4000Hz right ear, 4000Hz left ear, in 40-60 years old group: 4000-8000 Hz both ears. In the 19-39 years old diabetes group only at 8000 Hertz on the left side was a significant (p<0,05) difference in otoacoustic emissions. In the 40-60 years old diabetes group significantly less otoacoustic emissions at 8000 Hz on the right side (p<0,01) and at 4000-6000-8000 Hertz on the left side, (p<0,05, p<0,01, p<0,05 respectively) was present compared to the control group. According to ABR (auditory brainstem response) latencies and wave morphologies, a possible retrocochlear lesion arose in 15% of the 19-39 years old and 25% of the 40-60 years old diabetes group. According to our results, T1DM affects negatively the cochlear function and the neural part of the hearing system. The alterations are more and more detectable with aging.
耳蜗的病理生理改变和听觉通路的功能测试表明，糖尿病患者可能同时存在血管病变和神经改变。我们的研究目的是研究 1 型糖尿病（T1DM）对两个不同年龄组的不同影响。对 42 名患者和同年龄组的 25 名对照者进行了听力学检查。通过纯音听阈测试、畸变产物耳声发射测量和听性脑干反应记录评估了传导和感觉神经性听力系统的检查。在 19-39 岁人群中，糖尿病组和对照组的听力障碍发生率无差异。在 40-60 岁人群中，糖尿病组（75%）的听力障碍比对照组（15.4%）更常见。在 1 型糖尿病患者中，虽然在 19-39 岁年龄组的所有频率中右耳 500-4000Hz、左耳 4000Hz 差异有统计学意义，但平均阈值值在两个年龄组中均升高：40-60 岁年龄组双耳 4000-8000Hz。在 19-39 岁糖尿病组中，只有在左侧 8000Hz 时耳声发射才有显著差异（p<0.05）。在 40-60 岁糖尿病组中，右侧 8000Hz（p<0.01）和左侧 4000-6000-8000Hz（p<0.05、p<0.01、p<0.05）的耳声发射明显减少，与对照组相比。根据 ABR（听觉脑干反应）潜伏期和波形态，19-39 岁年龄组中 15%和 40-60 岁年龄组中 25%可能出现了耳蜗后病变。根据我们的结果，T1DM 对耳蜗功能和听觉系统的神经部分有负面影响。随着年龄的增长，这些改变越来越容易被检测到。
