Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head- and Neck Surgery, Semmelweis University, Szigony Street 36, 1083, Budapest, Hungary.
Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Heim Pál National Pediatric Institute, Budapest, Hungary.
Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2022 Dec;279(12):5647-5654. doi: 10.1007/s00405-022-07441-4. Epub 2022 Jun 29.
In 2015 a new regulation and guidelines for the universal newborn hearing screening by AABR measurement have been implemented in Hungary. The aim of our study was to analyse (1) the past 5 years of data from our diagnostic centre about the incidence and types of congenital hearing losses, and (2) the first experiences with the National Newborn Hearing Screening Registry, started in 2019, and (3) the influence of the screening on the pediatric cochlear implant program.
1269 children referred to our diagnostic centre between 2017 and 2021 were investigated. A third AABR measurement and full audiological evaluation were performed. Furthermore, one-year period data of the screening registry, and the number of implanted children at or under the age of 3 were analysed using the national databases.
Altogether 276 newborns (22% of the referred cases after the two-stage screening) had hearing loss, 134 (49%) out of them was conductive origin, almost twice frequent in male as in female. Permanent sensorineural hearing impairment was found in 142 (51%), 58 (40%) of them had bilateral, severe to profound hearing loss, occurring more frequently in male as in female. The national digital registration of the screening data within 12 months concerned 68%. The number of early cochlear implantation in one year increased from 1 to 23 children in the past 15 years.
A third AABR after the two-stage screening increased the efficiency and filtered the 78% false-positive cases. The audiological diagnostics verified and typed the hearing losses ensuring the early intervention.
2015 年，匈牙利实施了一项新的规定和指南，要求使用 AABR 测量对新生儿进行普遍听力筛查。我们研究的目的是分析（1）过去 5 年来自我们诊断中心的有关先天性听力损失的发生率和类型的数据，以及（2）2019 年开始的国家新生儿听力筛查登记处的首次经验，以及（3）筛查对小儿耳蜗植入计划的影响。
对 2017 年至 2021 年间转诊至我们诊断中心的 1269 名儿童进行了调查。进行了第三次 AABR 测量和全面的听力评估。此外，还使用国家数据库分析了筛查登记处的一年期数据，以及 3 岁以下植入儿童的数量。
共有 276 名新生儿（两阶段筛查后转诊病例的 22%）存在听力损失，其中 134 名（49%）为传导性聋，男性是女性的近两倍。永久性感音神经性听力障碍的发生率为 142 例（51%），其中 58 例（40%）为双侧、重度至极重度听力损失，男性发生率高于女性。12 个月内全国范围内对筛查数据的数字登记率为 68%。过去 15 年来，一年内在早期植入人工耳蜗的儿童数量从 1 例增加到 23 例。
两阶段筛查后的第三次 AABR 提高了效率，过滤了 78%的假阳性病例。听力诊断验证并确定了听力损失的类型，确保了早期干预。
