AlJameel AlBandary Hassan, Gulzar Shabnam, Gupta Megha, Alshehri Alhassan Ali, Almalki Sultan A, Asiri Faris Y, Chaudhry Sharmeen J
Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Dental Specialist, Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, District Hospital Pulwama, Kashmir, India.
Eur J Dent. 2024 Feb;18(1):55-64. doi: 10.1055/s-0043-1768151. Epub 2023 May 19.
People with disabilities experience inferior health and poor access to good quality health services as compared with the general population. Optimum oral health is associated with improvement in the quality of life in such patients. As oral diseases are largely preventable, good oral health education can have a positive impact on individuals with disabilities. So, the aim of the study was to review the effectiveness of oral health promotion among individuals with intellectual disabilities (IDs). Seven electronic databases were searched using keywords like intellectual disability/mental retardation/learning disability AND dental health education/health promotion. All records that were identified electronically from this search were subjected to a preliminary review to identify eligible papers. Identified studies were grouped into oral health promotion directed at individuals with IDs, and those aimed at caregivers of people with IDs. Interpretation of the outcomes included the effects on oral health knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors (either observed or self-reported). Eventually, 16 studies were included in the review including five studies that were randomized controlled trials, while the remaining 11 studies were pre-post single group oral health promotion studies. Critical appraisal of each study was conducted with the 21-item criteria by Kay and Locker (1997) to provide a numerical quantification and ranking of the evidence. Positive changes in the behaviors and attitudes were observed, while other studies reported a considerable improvement in the knowledge of caregivers for oral healthcare of individuals with IDs. However, such activities need to be done over a long period of time with constant monitoring.
与普通人群相比，残疾人健康状况较差，获得优质医疗服务的机会也较少。最佳口腔健康与这类患者生活质量的改善相关。由于口腔疾病在很大程度上是可以预防的，良好的口腔健康教育会对残疾人产生积极影响。因此，本研究的目的是评估针对智力残疾者开展口腔健康促进的效果。使用“智力残疾/智力发育迟缓/学习障碍”以及“牙齿健康教育/健康促进”等关键词检索了七个电子数据库。对通过该检索从电子渠道识别出的所有记录进行初步审查，以确定符合条件的论文。已识别的研究分为针对智力残疾者的口腔健康促进研究以及针对智力残疾者照料者的研究。结果解读包括对口腔健康知识、态度和行为（观察到的或自我报告的）的影响。最终，该综述纳入了16项研究，其中五项为随机对照试验，其余11项为前后对照单组口腔健康促进研究。采用Kay和Locker（1997）的21项标准对每项研究进行严格评估，以对证据进行数值量化和排名。观察到行为和态度有积极变化，而其他研究报告称，照料者对智力残疾者口腔保健的知识有显著改善。然而，此类活动需要长期开展并持续监测。
