Reproductive Endocrinology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Reproductive Endocrinology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
Maturitas. 2023 Aug;174:14-22. doi: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2023.04.016. Epub 2023 May 4.
Menarche, as a milestone of puberty, may have a long-term effect on health. The present study investigated the association of age at menarche with the incidence of arterial hypertension.
A total of 4747 post-menarcheal participants of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study who met the eligibility criteria were selected. Demographic, lifestyle, reproductive, and anthropometric data, as well as risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, were collected. Participants were classified according to their age at menarche: group I: ≤11 years, group II: 12-15 years, and group III: ≥16 years.
A Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to estimate the associations between age at menarche and arterial hypertension outcomes. The generalized estimating equation models were used to compare the trend of changes in systolic and diastolic blood pressure between the three groups.
The mean age of participants at baseline was 33.9 (13.0). At the end of the study, 1261 (26.6 %) participants had arterial hypertension. Women in group III had a 2.04-fold higher risk of arterial hypertension than those in group II. The mean changes in systolic and diastolic blood pressure were 29 % (95 % CI: 0.02-0.57) and 16 % (95 % CI: 0.00-0.38) higher for women in group III compared with group II.
Late menarche could be a risk factor for arterial hypertension, so it is necessary to pay more attention to age at menarche in cardiovascular risk assessment programs.
初潮作为青春期的一个里程碑，可能对健康有长期影响。本研究探讨了初潮年龄与动脉高血压发病之间的关系。
共选择了 4747 名符合条件的绝经后伊朗血脂和血糖研究参与者。收集了人口统计学、生活方式、生殖和人体测量数据以及心血管疾病危险因素。参与者根据初潮年龄进行分组：I 组：≤11 岁，II 组：12-15 岁，III 组：≥16 岁。
采用 Cox 比例风险回归模型估计初潮年龄与动脉高血压结局之间的关系。采用广义估计方程模型比较三组之间收缩压和舒张压变化的趋势。
参与者的平均基线年龄为 33.9（13.0）岁。在研究结束时，1261 名（26.6%）参与者患有动脉高血压。与 II 组相比，III 组女性发生动脉高血压的风险高 2.04 倍。与 II 组相比，III 组女性的收缩压和舒张压平均变化分别高出 29%（95%CI：0.02-0.57）和 16%（95%CI：0.00-0.38）。
晚初潮可能是动脉高血压的一个危险因素，因此在心血管风险评估计划中需要更加关注初潮年龄。
