Department of Non-Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing 400042, China.
School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
Nutrients. 2022 Apr 12;14(8):1610. doi: 10.3390/nu14081610.
The aim of our study was to examine the relationship between age at menarche (AM) and hypertension and to evaluate whether different dietary patterns have an effect on associations between AM and hypertension in a large-scale Han Chinese population in southwest China. A cross-sectional study was performed that included 44,900 participants from 17 districts in southwest China from September 2018 to January 2019. The study comprised 23,805 individuals in the final analysis. Logistic regression and multivariable linear regression were applied to estimate the dietary pattern-specific associations between AM and hypertension or systolic/diastolic blood pressure (SBP/DBP). Restricted cubic spline regression was utilized to calculate the shape of the relationship between AM and the odds ratio of hypertension. After adjusting for multiple variables, women who had a history of AM > 14 years were associated with an increased risk of hypertension (OR 1.12, 95%CI 1.04−1.19) and elevated levels of SBP (β 0.90, 95%CI 0.41−1.38) compared with those with AM ≤ 14 years among the total population, and this association was still statistically significant when we further adjusted for body mass index (BMI). In participants with AM > 14 years, the odds ratio values of hypertension increased with increasing menarche age. After stratification by age at recruitment, the positive association between menarche age and hypertension only remained in the middle-aged group, and this association was not found in the young and old groups. After stratification by the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) score among the total population, the positive association between AM and hypertension was presented only in the low DASH score group; however, this association was not found in the high DASH score group. Women who have a history of AM > 14 years should pay close attention to blood pressure levels and incorporate the DASH diet more in order to achieve the early prevention of hypertension, especially middle-aged women.
本研究旨在探讨初潮年龄（AM）与高血压之间的关系，并评估不同的饮食模式是否会对中国西南地区汉族大规模人群中 AM 与高血压之间的关联产生影响。这是一项横断面研究，纳入了 2018 年 9 月至 2019 年 1 月来自中国西南 17 个区的 44900 名参与者。最终分析包括 23805 名个体。应用 logistic 回归和多变量线性回归估计 AM 与高血压或收缩压/舒张压（SBP/DBP）之间特定饮食模式的关联。应用受限立方样条回归计算 AM 与高血压比值比之间的关系形状。在校正了多个变量后，与 AM≤14 岁的女性相比，初潮年龄＞14 岁的女性患高血压的风险增加（OR 1.12，95%CI 1.04-1.19），SBP 水平升高（β 0.90，95%CI 0.41-1.38），这种关联在进一步校正体重指数（BMI）后仍然具有统计学意义。在 AM＞14 岁的参与者中，高血压的比值比随初潮年龄的增加而增加。按招募时的年龄分层后，初潮年龄与高血压之间的正相关仅存在于中年组，而在青年组和老年组中未发现这种关联。在总人群中按膳食方法防治高血压（DASH）评分分层后，仅在低 DASH 评分组中存在 AM 与高血压之间的正相关；然而，在高 DASH 评分组中未发现这种关联。有初潮年龄＞14 岁史的女性应密切关注血压水平，并更多地摄入 DASH 饮食，以便及早预防高血压，尤其是中年女性。
