State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Detecting Techniques and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Detecting Techniques and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
Biosens Bioelectron. 2023 Sep 1;235:115406. doi: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115406. Epub 2023 May 16.
Reverse iontophoresis (RI) is a promising technology in the field of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM), offering significant advantages such as finger-stick-free operation, wearability, and non-invasiveness. In the glucose extraction process based on RI, the pH of the interstitial fluid (ISF) is a critical factor that needs further investigation, as it directly influences the accuracy of transdermal glucose monitoring. In this study, a theoretical analysis was conducted to investigate the mechanism by which pH affects the glucose extraction flux. Modeling and numerical simulations performed at different pH conditions indicated that the zeta potential was significantly impacted by the pH, thereby altering the direction and flux of the glucose iontophoretic extraction. A screen-printed glucose biosensor integrated with RI extraction electrodes was developed for ISF extraction and glucose monitoring. The accuracy and stability of the ISF extraction and glucose detection device were demonstrated with extraction experiments using different subdermal glucose concentrations ranging from 0 to 20 mM. The extraction results for different ISF pH values exhibited that at 5 mM and 10 mM subcutaneous glucose, the extracted glucose concentration was increased by 0.08212 mM and 0.14639 mM for every 1 pH unit increase, respectively. Furthermore, the normalized results for 5 mM and 10 mM glucose demonstrated a linear correlation, indicating considerable potential for incorporating a pH correction factor in the blood glucose prediction model used to calibrate glucose monitoring.
反向离子电渗（RI）是连续血糖监测（CGM）领域的一项有前途的技术，具有免指尖采血操作、可穿戴性和非侵入性等优势。在基于 RI 的葡萄糖提取过程中，间质液（ISF）的 pH 值是一个关键因素，需要进一步研究，因为它直接影响经皮葡萄糖监测的准确性。在这项研究中，进行了理论分析以研究 pH 值如何影响葡萄糖提取通量。在不同 pH 值条件下进行建模和数值模拟表明，ζ电位受 pH 值的显著影响，从而改变了葡萄糖离子电渗提取的方向和通量。开发了一种集成 RI 提取电极的丝网印刷葡萄糖生物传感器，用于 ISF 提取和葡萄糖监测。使用不同的皮下葡萄糖浓度（0 至 20 mM）进行提取实验，证明了 ISF 提取和葡萄糖检测装置的准确性和稳定性。对于不同的 ISF pH 值的提取结果表明，在 5 mM 和 10 mM 皮下葡萄糖的情况下，每增加 1 pH 单位，分别增加了 0.08212 mM 和 0.14639 mM 的提取葡萄糖浓度。此外，对于 5 mM 和 10 mM 葡萄糖的归一化结果表明存在线性相关性，这表明在用于校准葡萄糖监测的血糖预测模型中可以考虑加入 pH 校正因子。
