University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland, Switzerland.
University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland, Switzerland.
Sci Total Environ. 2023 Aug 25;888:164300. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164300. Epub 2023 May 19.
Small waterbodies such as ponds are widely represented in cities, contributing to the blue-green infrastructure, improving human well-being. Ornamental ponds are particularly abundant in the densest urbanized areas, especially in parks, in private grounds such as gardens and also imbedded in the green infrastructure. However, their multifunctionality remains infrequent, as generally aesthetic enjoyment is the main ecosystem service targeted. The promotion of native biodiversity is rarely a priority, as are other ecosystem services (e.g. flood mitigation or water purification). It is nevertheless questionable if such mono-functional ponds could also be able to provide other services. Indeed, an innovative approach would be to increase the multifunctionality of ornamental ponds, especially for biodiversity. This was investigated in 41 ornamental ponds designed for providing aesthetic enjoyment in the city of Geneva (Switzerland). The biodiversity was assessed, as well as selected ecosystem services (water retention, phytopurification, cooling effect, carbon sequestration). A survey among the population was also conducted. This survey underlined a recognized contribution of ornamental ponds to well-being. However, the assessment of the ecosystem services evidenced a lack of multifunctionality for most of these ponds. They presented a low biodiversity, compared to more natural ponds and to unimpaired ponds. Furthermore, they performed poorly for most other ecosystem services investigated. There were nevertheless exceptions, with selected ponds displaying a multifunctionality, even for ecosystem services for which they were not designed. It was also shown that ornamental ponds could easily be optimized for biodiversity by simple low-cost management measures. Additional ecosystem services could also be promoted. The performance of small ornamental ponds is best when ponds are considered collectively, as pondscapes, with their cumulative benefits. New ornamental pond implementation is therefore encouraged, as their multifunctionality turns them into Nature-based Solutions able to contribute to solving several societal challenges and to improve human well-being.
小型水体，如池塘，在城市中广泛存在，构成了蓝绿基础设施的一部分，有助于提升人类福祉。在人口最密集的城市地区，尤其是在公园、私人花园（如庭院）和绿色基础设施中，观赏性池塘尤其丰富。然而，它们的多功能性却很少得到体现，因为通常主要针对的是审美享受这一生态系统服务。促进本地生物多样性很少成为优先事项，其他生态系统服务（例如减轻洪水或水净化）也是如此。然而，人们不禁要问，这种单一功能的池塘是否也能够提供其他服务。实际上，一种创新的方法是提高观赏性池塘的多功能性，特别是在生物多样性方面。这是在日内瓦（瑞士）设计的 41 个用于提供城市美感的观赏性池塘中进行的研究。评估了这些池塘的生物多样性以及一些选定的生态系统服务（蓄水、植物净化、冷却效应、碳固存）。还对居民进行了调查。这项调查强调了观赏性池塘对幸福感的贡献。然而，对生态系统服务的评估表明，这些池塘的多功能性大多不足。与更自然的池塘和未受干扰的池塘相比，它们的生物多样性较低。此外，它们在大多数其他研究的生态系统服务方面表现不佳。然而，也有一些例外，一些池塘表现出多功能性，即使对它们并非专为设计的生态系统服务也是如此。此外，还表明观赏性池塘可以通过简单的低成本管理措施轻松优化生物多样性。还可以促进其他生态系统服务。当将池塘视为池塘景观时，它们的累积效益最佳，此时小型观赏性池塘的性能最佳。因此鼓励新的观赏性池塘的实施，因为它们的多功能性使它们成为基于自然的解决方案，能够有助于解决多个社会挑战并提高人类福祉。
