North Carolina State University, Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Weaver Labs, Box 7625, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
Water Res. 2012 Dec 15;46(20):6811-23. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2011.11.026. Epub 2011 Nov 25.
Stormwater control measures (SCMs) such as constructed stormwater ponds and constructed stormwater wetlands (CSWs) are designed to regulate runoff hydrology and quality. However, these created ecosystems also provide a range of other benefits, or ecosystem services, which are often acknowledged but rarely quantified. In this study, additional ecosystem services, including carbon sequestration, biodiversity, and cultural services, were assessed and compared between 20 ponds and 20 CSWs in North Carolina, USA. Carbon sequestration was estimated through the carbon content of pond and wetland sediments across a gradient of system age. Biodiversity was quantified in terms of the richness and Shannon diversity index of vegetative and aquatic macroinvertebrate communities. Cultural services were qualitatively assessed based on the potential for recreational and educational opportunities at each site. Ponds and wetlands were found to support similar levels of macroinvertebrate diversity, though differences community composition arose between the two habitat types. CSWs demonstrated greater potential to provide carbon sequestration, vegetative diversity, and cultural ecosystem services. This assessment provides an initial framework upon which future assessments of ecosystem service provision by SCMs can build.
雨水控制措施（SCM），如人工雨水池塘和人工雨水湿地（CSWs），旨在调节径流水文和水质。然而，这些人工生态系统还提供了一系列其他的好处，或生态系统服务，这些好处通常被认可，但很少被量化。在这项研究中，在美国北卡罗来纳州的 20 个池塘和 20 个 CSWs 之间，评估和比较了包括碳封存、生物多样性和文化服务在内的其他生态系统服务。通过池塘和湿地沉积物的碳含量，在系统年龄的梯度上估计碳封存。生物多样性是根据植物和水生大型无脊椎动物群落的丰富度和 Shannon 多样性指数来量化的。根据每个地点的娱乐和教育机会的潜力，对文化服务进行了定性评估。发现池塘和湿地支持相似水平的大型无脊椎动物多样性，尽管两种生境类型的群落组成存在差异。CSWs 表现出更大的潜力来提供碳封存、植物多样性和文化生态系统服务。该评估提供了一个初步的框架，未来可以在此基础上对 SCM 提供生态系统服务的情况进行评估。
