Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York City, New York, USA.
Immunol Rev. 2023 Jul;316(1):23-37. doi: 10.1111/imr.13210. Epub 2023 May 21.
Tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM) represent a dedicated layer of localized immune memory in virtually every organ throughout the human body. By virtue of their long-term residence in disparate tissues, TRM are shaped by a myriad of site-specific influences and exhibit remarkable heterogeneity in form and function. Here, we review the major axes by which TRM vary, including their surface phenotypes, transcriptional programming, and the tissue-specific adaptations that accrue over their tenancy. We discuss how localization within distinct anatomic niches both within and across major organ systems shapes TRM identity and examine mechanisms and prevailing models for TRM generation. Understanding the drivers of differentiation, function and maintenance of the various subpopulations that together define the TRM lineage may hold the key to unlocking the full potential of TRM to promote localized and protective tissue immunity throughout the body.
组织驻留记忆 T 细胞（TRM）代表了人体几乎每个器官中局部免疫记忆的一个专门层次。由于它们在不同组织中的长期居留，TRM 受到无数特定部位影响的塑造，并在形态和功能上表现出显著的异质性。在这里，我们回顾了 TRM 变化的主要轴，包括它们的表面表型、转录编程以及在其居住期间积累的组织特异性适应。我们讨论了在不同的解剖龛内和跨主要器官系统的定位如何塑造 TRM 身份，并研究了 TRM 产生的机制和流行模型。了解驱动分化、功能和维持共同定义 TRM 谱系的各种亚群的因素，可能是充分发挥 TRM 促进全身局部和保护性组织免疫的潜力的关键。
