The Key Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology of Anhui Province, The Key Laboratory of Zoonoses of High Institutions in Anhui, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.
Department of International Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.
J Med Virol. 2023 May;95(5):e28776. doi: 10.1002/jmv.28776.
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) is a single positive-strand RNA virus that is responsible for the current pandemic that the world has been facing since 2019. The primary route of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is through respiratory tract transmission. However, other transmission routes such as fecal-oral, vertical transmission, and aerosol-eye also exist. In addition, it has been found that the pathogenesis of this virus involves the binding of the virus's S protein to its host cell surface receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, which results in the subsequent membrane fusion that is required for SARS-CoV-2 to replicate and complete its entire life. The clinical symptoms of patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 can range from asymptomatic to severe. The most common symptoms seen include fever, dry cough, and fatigue. Once these symptoms are observed, a nucleic acid test is done using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. This currently serves as the main confirmatory tool for COVID-19. Despite the fact that no cure has been found for SARS-CoV-2, prevention methods such as vaccines, specific facial mask, and social distancing have proven to be quite effective. It is imperative to have a complete understanding of the transmission and pathogenesis of this virus. To effectively develop new drugs as well as diagnostic tools, more knowledge about this virus would be needed.
严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒（SARS-CoV）是一种单链正链 RNA 病毒，是导致自 2019 年以来全球流行的罪魁祸首。SARS-CoV-2 的主要传播途径是呼吸道飞沫传播。然而，也存在其他传播途径，如粪-口、垂直传播和气溶胶-眼传播。此外，已经发现该病毒的发病机制涉及病毒的 S 蛋白与其宿主细胞表面受体血管紧张素转换酶 2 的结合，这导致随后的膜融合，这是 SARS-CoV-2 复制和完成其整个生命周期所必需的。感染 SARS-CoV-2 的患者的临床症状可以从无症状到严重不等。最常见的症状包括发热、干咳和疲劳。一旦观察到这些症状，就会使用逆转录-聚合酶链反应进行核酸检测。这目前是 COVID-19 的主要确诊工具。尽管尚未找到针对 SARS-CoV-2 的治愈方法，但疫苗、特定口罩和社交距离等预防方法已被证明非常有效。全面了解这种病毒的传播和发病机制至关重要。为了有效地开发新药和诊断工具，需要更多关于这种病毒的知识。
