Sadasivan Chikku, Cruz Christofer, Dolgoy Naomi, Hyde Ashley, Campbell Sandra, McNeely Margaret, Stroulia Eleni, Tandon Puneeta
Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
Department of Physical Therapy, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
J Particip Med. 2023 May 22;15:e45772. doi: 10.2196/45772.
Chatbots are growing in popularity as they offer a range of potential benefits to end users and service providers.
Our scoping review aimed to explore studies that used 2-way chatbots to support healthy eating, physical activity, and mental wellness interventions. Our objectives were to report the nontechnical (eg, unrelated to software development) approaches for chatbot development and to examine the level of patient engagement in these reported approaches.
Our team conducted a scoping review following the framework proposed by Arksey and O'Malley. Nine electronic databases were searched in July 2022. Studies were selected based on our inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data were then extracted and patient involvement was assessed.
16 studies were included in this review. We report several approaches to chatbot development, assess patient involvement where possible, and reveal the limited detail available on reporting of patient involvement in the chatbot implementation process. The reported approaches for development included: collaboration with knowledge experts, co-design workshops, patient interviews, prototype testing, the Wizard of Oz (WoZ) procedure, and literature review. Reporting of patient involvement in development was limited; only 3 of the 16 included studies contained sufficient information to evaluate patient engagement using the Guidance for Reporting Involvement of Patients and Public (GRIPP2).
The approaches reported in this review and the identified limitations can guide the inclusion of patient engagement and the improved documentation of engagement in the chatbot development process for future health care research. Given the importance of end user involvement in chatbot development, we hope that future research will more systematically report on chatbot development and more consistently and actively engage patients in the codevelopment process.
聊天机器人越来越受欢迎，因为它们为终端用户和服务提供商带来了一系列潜在好处。
我们的范围综述旨在探索使用双向聊天机器人支持健康饮食、体育活动和心理健康干预的研究。我们的目标是报告聊天机器人开发的非技术（例如，与软件开发无关）方法，并检查这些报告方法中患者的参与程度。
我们的团队按照Arksey和O'Malley提出的框架进行了范围综述。2022年7月检索了九个电子数据库。根据我们的纳入和排除标准选择研究。然后提取数据并评估患者的参与情况。
本综述纳入了16项研究。我们报告了几种聊天机器人开发方法，尽可能评估患者的参与情况，并揭示了在聊天机器人实施过程中关于患者参与报告的可用细节有限。报告的开发方法包括：与知识专家合作、共同设计研讨会、患者访谈、原型测试、奥兹国的魔法师（WoZ）程序和文献综述。关于患者参与开发的报告有限；16项纳入研究中只有3项包含足够的信息，可根据《患者和公众参与报告指南》（GRIPP2）评估患者的参与情况。
本综述中报告的方法和已确定的局限性可为未来医疗保健研究中患者参与的纳入以及聊天机器人开发过程中参与情况的改进记录提供指导。鉴于终端用户参与聊天机器人开发的重要性，我们希望未来的研究将更系统地报告聊天机器人的开发情况，并更一致、积极地让患者参与共同开发过程。
