Penny W J, Mir M A
Int J Cardiol. 1986 Jun;11(3):293-304. doi: 10.1016/0167-5273(86)90034-3.
To evaluate the effects of chronic smoking on exercise performance we studied 5 smokers and 7 nonsmokers of comparable age and physical characteristics. The resting heart rate in smokers (75 +/- 3 beats/min; mean +/- SD) was significantly (P less than 0.01) higher than in nonsmokers (64 +/- 5). During exercise on a bicycle ergometer the heart rate remained significantly (P less than 0.01) higher in smokers than in nonsmokers. After exercise, the heart rate in nonsmokers settled to 78 +/- 9 beats/min at 10 minutes compared with 105 +/- 11 (P less than 0.01) in smokers. Oxygen consumption was similar in both groups throughout. Beta-adrenergic blockade reduced the exercise tachycardia in both groups but the heart rate for the same workload remained significantly (P less than 0.01) higher in smokers. Beta-blockade significantly reduced (P less than 0.05) oxygen consumption in nonsmokers but not in smokers who also incurred a significantly (P less than 0.05) greater oxygen debt and had higher serum lactate levels. These differences were attributed mainly to carboxyhaemoglobinaemia and partly to the effect of prolonged smoking on the heart and on intermediary metabolism.
为了评估长期吸烟对运动能力的影响，我们研究了5名吸烟者和7名年龄及身体特征相当的非吸烟者。吸烟者的静息心率（75±3次/分钟；均值±标准差）显著高于非吸烟者（64±5次/分钟）（P<0.01）。在自行车测力计上进行运动时，吸烟者的心率仍显著高于非吸烟者（P<0.01）。运动后，非吸烟者在10分钟时心率降至78±9次/分钟，而吸烟者为105±11次/分钟（P<0.01）。两组的耗氧量在整个过程中相似。β-肾上腺素能阻滞剂可降低两组运动时的心动过速，但相同工作量下吸烟者的心率仍显著高于非吸烟者（P<0.01）。β-阻滞剂可显著降低非吸烟者的耗氧量（P<0.05），但对吸烟者无效，吸烟者还产生了显著更高的氧债（P<0.05）且血清乳酸水平更高。这些差异主要归因于碳氧血红蛋白血症，部分归因于长期吸烟对心脏和中间代谢的影响。
