Department of Ophthalmology, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey.
Clin Exp Optom. 2024 Apr;107(3):291-298. doi: 10.1080/08164622.2023.2213825. Epub 2023 May 22.
Antimetropia is a rare type of anisometropia in which one eye is myopic and the fellow is hyperopic, This optical condition condition permits the evaluation of both sides of the emmetropisation process failure in the same individual by minimising genetic and environmental factors.
This study aimed to evaluate the ocular biometric, retinal, and choroidal characteristics of myopic and hyperopic eyes of antimetropic subjects older than six years.
In this retrospective study, myopic and hyperopic eyes of 29 antimetropic patients with a spherical equivalent (SE) difference of at least 2.00D between the eyes were included. Axial length (AL), mean corneal keratometry, anterior chamber depth, the proportion of anterior chamber depth in AL, crystalline lens power, central macular thicknesses, disc-to-fovea distance, fovea-disc angle, peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) thicknesses, and subfoveal choroidal features were compared between the eyes. The prevalence of amblyopia was determined. Refractive parameters and total astigmatic profile were evaluated in eyes with and without amblyopia.
The median absolute SE and AL differences between the eyes were 3.50D (interquartile range:1.75) and 1.18 mm (interquartile range:0.76), respectively ( < 0.001). Myopic eyes had lower crystalline lens power and proportion of anterior chamber depth in AL, and longer disc-to-fovea distance. Macular thicknesses, global RNFL, and temporal RNFL were thicker in myopic eyes, and there was no difference in other RNFL quadrants. Despite the increase in the choroidal vascularity index, other choroidal parameters were decreased in myopic eyes. Amblyopia was found in three of the myopic eyes and seven of the hyperopic eyes ( = 0.343). The highest interocular SE and AL difference and the highest frequency of anisoastigmatism were observed in patients with amblyopia in the myopic eye.
Each ocular structure may respond differently to, or may be affected differently by, ametropic conditions.
屈光参差是一种罕见的屈光不正类型，其中一只眼睛近视，另一只眼睛远视。这种光学条件允许通过最小化遗传和环境因素，在同一个体中评估正视化过程失败的双眼。
本研究旨在评估年龄大于 6 岁的屈光参差患者的近视和远视眼中的眼部生物测量、视网膜和脉络膜特征。
在这项回顾性研究中，纳入了 29 名屈光参差患者的近视和远视眼，双眼球镜等效（SE）差异至少为 2.00D。比较双眼之间的眼轴（AL）、平均角膜曲率、前房深度、AL 中前房深度的比例、晶状体屈光力、中央黄斑厚度、视盘-黄斑距离、黄斑-视盘角、视盘周围视网膜神经纤维层（RNFL）厚度和脉络膜下特征。确定弱视的患病率。评估有和无弱视眼的屈光参数和总散光分布。
双眼之间的中位数绝对 SE 和 AL 差异分别为 3.50D（四分位间距：1.75）和 1.18 mm（四分位间距：0.76）（ < 0.001）。近视眼中晶状体屈光力和 AL 中前房深度比例较低，视盘-黄斑距离较长。近视眼中黄斑厚度、全层 RNFL 和颞侧 RNFL 较厚，其他 RNFL 象限无差异。尽管脉络膜血管指数增加，但近视眼中的其他脉络膜参数减少。在 3 只近视眼中和 7 只远视眼中发现弱视（ = 0.343）。在近视眼中患有弱视的患者中，双眼之间的 SE 和 AL 差异最大，以及各向异性散光的发生率最高。
每个眼部结构可能对屈光不正状态的反应不同，或者受到屈光不正状态的影响不同。
