Faculty of Human Nutrition, Department of Human Nutrition, Tokyo Kasei Gakuin University, Chiyoda-ku, Japan.
School of Health Care Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Japan.
Int J Soc Psychiatry. 2023 Nov;69(7):1693-1703. doi: 10.1177/00207640231174366. Epub 2023 May 22.
The exploration of diet and nutrition as they relate to mental health and psychiatric disorders is a developing field. Anxiety, depression, and pharmacological treatments used to treat these disorders are likely to have side effects that induce decreases in activity and irregular eating habits, resulting in persistent nutritional imbalance. Unhealthy dietary patterns are associated with an increased risk of developing physical and mental health conditions. Despite this, nutritional support to patients in psychiatric care is not adequate.
This study aimed to determine the factors underlying the need for nutritional counseling among patients with a mental disorder in psychiatry. The factors explored are eating-related symptoms, eating behavior, interest in food, seeking nutritional counseling, and impact on quality of life (QOL).
We utilized a cross-sectional study design. Eligible patients were asked to complete a questionnaire regarding physical measurements and nutritional counseling. In addition, patients' diagnoses and blood test data were referenced from their medical records. The analysis focused on two groups: those who desired to consult a nutritionist and those who did not.
Ninety-three patients completed the study. The nutritional status and need for nutritional counseling in psychiatry patients indicates that patients with dietary problems requested nutritional counseling ( < .001). Patients who were more likely to need nutritional counseling had lower QOL in daily life ( = .011), pain/discomfort ( = .024), and anxiety/depression ( = .010) on the EuroQol 5-Dimension 5-level (EQ-5D-5L).
Patients with mental disorders who need nutritional counseling tend to have food-related problems and low QOL. It is necessary to establish an interdisciplinary system for nutritional counseling.
探索饮食与营养如何与心理健康和精神障碍相关是一个不断发展的领域。焦虑、抑郁和用于治疗这些疾病的药物治疗可能有导致活动减少和不规律饮食习惯的副作用，从而导致持续的营养失衡。不健康的饮食模式与增加发生身心健康状况的风险有关。尽管如此，精神科患者的营养支持仍不足。
本研究旨在确定精神科精神障碍患者需要营养咨询的相关因素。探索的因素包括与饮食相关的症状、饮食行为、对食物的兴趣、寻求营养咨询以及对生活质量（QOL）的影响。
我们采用了横断面研究设计。符合条件的患者被要求完成一份关于身体测量和营养咨询的问卷。此外，还参考了患者的诊断和血液测试数据来自他们的病历。分析集中在两组：一组是有意愿咨询营养师的患者，另一组是没有意愿的患者。
93 名患者完成了研究。营养状况和精神科患者的营养咨询需求表明，有饮食问题的患者要求进行营养咨询（ < .001）。更需要营养咨询的患者在日常生活（ = .011）、疼痛/不适（ = .024）和焦虑/抑郁（ = .010）方面的生活质量（QOL）较低EuroQol 5 维 5 级量表（EQ-5D-5L）。
需要营养咨询的精神障碍患者往往存在与食物相关的问题和较低的 QOL。有必要建立一个跨学科的营养咨询系统。
