Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, LVR-Clinic Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
Autism Res. 2023 Jul;16(7):1389-1402. doi: 10.1002/aur.2958. Epub 2023 May 23.
The challenge of sustainably integrating highly educated individuals with ASD without intellectual disabilities in the first labor market is repeatedly described in literature. In a retrospective study, a group of 197 clinically late-diagnosed adults with ASD without intellectual disabilities was compared to a closely matched group of 501 individuals who did not meet the criteria for the diagnosis of ASD within a utilization population of the Cologne Autism Outpatient Clinic. Results indicated that the pronounced demand for reduction of social and interpersonal requirements at the workplace (including planned or limited contact with colleagues and customers) as well as the experience of difficulties following unexpected changes in the daily routine were specific for ASD. In addition, individuals with ASD reported greater difficulties in finding a suitable job and being able to live on their wages, taking age and educational qualification into account. Supported employment measures were provided significantly more frequently to individuals in the ASD group. In conclusion, impairments in social skills emerged as one of the main obstacles of workplace performance for individuals with ASD emphasizing the necessity to develop and apply ASD-specific support services.
文献中反复提到，如何可持续地将高学历、无智力障碍的 ASD 患者融入第一劳动力市场是一个挑战。在一项回顾性研究中，将临床确诊较晚的 197 名无智力障碍的 ASD 成年患者与科隆自闭症门诊利用人群中未符合 ASD 诊断标准的 501 名个体进行了比较。结果表明，患者强烈要求减少工作场所的社交和人际交往要求（包括与同事和客户的计划或有限接触），以及在日常生活中遇到意外变化时感到困难，这些都是 ASD 的特定表现。此外，考虑到年龄和教育程度，ASD 患者报告说，找到合适的工作并能够靠工资生活更加困难。为 ASD 患者组提供的支持性就业措施明显更为频繁。总之，社交技能障碍是 ASD 患者工作表现的主要障碍之一，这强调了开发和应用 ASD 特定支持服务的必要性。
