School of Occupational Therapy, Social Work and Speech Pathology, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
Curtin Autism Research Group, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
Autism Res. 2019 Nov;12(11):1648-1662. doi: 10.1002/aur.2167. Epub 2019 Jul 5.
Despite efforts to improve employment outcomes for autistic individuals, internationally their employment rates remain low. There is a need to better understand the factors influencing successful employment for autistic adults in the labor market from the perspectives of multiple key stakeholders. This study represents the second in a series of papers conducted as part of an International Society for Autism Research policy brief aimed at improving employment outcomes for autistic individuals. A community consultation methodology using focus groups, forums, and interviews was applied with autistic individuals (n = 19), family members (n = 18), service providers (n = 21), employers (n = 11), researchers (n = 5), and advocacy group representatives (n = 5) in Australia, Sweden, and the United States, aiming to identify the factors perceived to determine gaining and maintaining employment for autistic individuals. Directed content analysis, guided by the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF), was conducted to investigate the key factors influencing employment outcomes for autistic individuals. Meaningful verbal concepts, or units of text with common themes, were also derived from the qualitative data and then linked and compared to the ICF Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) Core-sets. Across countries, activity and participation and environmental factor categories of the ICF were the most associated with employment outcomes. Results suggest that removal of environmental barriers and enhancing environmental facilitators may assist to remediate ASD-related difficulties in the workplace. Autism Res 2019, © 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: This study sought to understand the perspectives of autistic individuals and key stakeholders on factors influencing if autistic adults get and keep jobs. Across Australia, Sweden, and the United States, focus groups and interviews were conducted to understand international perspectives on what helps and hinders getting and keeping a job for autistic individuals. The environment, including supports, relationships, attitudes, and services, were perceived to be the most important for workplace success. Intervention targeting barriers and facilitators in the workplace environment may support autistic adults to be successful in the labor market.
尽管为提高自闭症患者的就业成果做出了努力，但国际上他们的就业率仍然很低。需要从多个利益攸关方的角度更好地了解影响自闭症成年人在劳动力市场上成功就业的因素。这项研究是作为自闭症研究国际协会政策简报的一部分进行的一系列论文中的第二篇，旨在改善自闭症患者的就业成果。采用焦点小组、论坛和访谈的社区咨询方法，在澳大利亚、瑞典和美国，对自闭症患者（n=19）、家庭成员（n=18）、服务提供者（n=21）、雇主（n=11）、研究人员（n=5）和倡导团体代表（n=5）进行了研究，旨在确定被认为决定自闭症患者获得和维持就业的因素。在国际功能、残疾和健康分类（ICF）的指导下进行了定向内容分析，以调查影响自闭症患者就业成果的关键因素。从定性数据中还提取了有意义的口头概念或具有共同主题的文本单元，然后将这些概念与 ICF 自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）核心集进行链接和比较。在各国，ICF 的活动和参与以及环境因素类别与就业成果的关联度最高。研究结果表明，消除环境障碍和增强环境促进因素可能有助于缓解工作场所与 ASD 相关的困难。自闭症研究 2019 年，自闭症研究国际协会，威利在线期刊，公司。 摘要：本研究旨在了解自闭症患者和主要利益相关者对影响自闭症成年人获得和保留工作的因素的看法。在澳大利亚、瑞典和美国，通过焦点小组和访谈了解国际上对帮助和阻碍自闭症患者获得和保留工作的看法。环境，包括支持、关系、态度和服务，被认为对工作场所的成功至关重要。针对工作场所环境中的障碍和促进因素的干预措施可能会支持自闭症成年人在劳动力市场上取得成功。
