Wilking Hendrik, Beermann Sandra, Boone Ides, Dreesman Johannes, Fingerle Volker, Gethmann Jörn, Lachmann Raskit, Lamparter Marina, Mayer-Scholl Anne, Meinen Anika, Schöl Meike, Suwono Beneditta
Fachgebiet Gastrointestinale Infektionen, Zoonosen und tropische Infektionen, Abteilung für Infektionsepidemiologie, Robert Koch-Institut, Seestr. 10, 13353, Berlin, Deutschland.
Abteilung Öffentliche Gesundheit, Bundesministerium für Gesundheit, Berlin, Deutschland.
Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz. 2023 Jun;66(6):617-627. doi: 10.1007/s00103-023-03703-6. Epub 2023 May 23.
Bacterial zoonotic pathogens are often the cause of diseases, sometimes with severe outcomes. They are mutually transferable between animals (both wild and domestic) and humans. The transmission paths are very variable and include oral intake via food, respiratory infection via droplets and aerosols, or infections via vectors such as tick bites or rodent contact. Furthermore, the emergence and spread of antibiotic-resistant bacterial pathogens is of paramount public health concern.The likelihood of further spread is influenced by various factors. These include the increase in international trade, the endangerment of animal habitats, and the increasingly closer contact between humans and wild animals. Additionally, changes in livestock and climate change may also contribute. Therefore, research into zoonoses serves to protect human and animal health and is of particular social, political, and economic importance.The aim of this review article is to present the range of infectious diseases caused by bacterial zoonotic pathogens in order to provide a better understanding of the important work in public health services, animal health services, and food safety control. The different transmission routes, epidemic potentials, and epidemiological measures of the exemplary selected diseases show the challenges for the public health system to monitor and control the spread of these bacterial pathogens in order to protect the population from disease.
细菌性人畜共患病原体往往是疾病的起因，有时会导致严重后果。它们可在动物（包括野生动物和家畜）与人类之间相互传播。传播途径多种多样，包括通过食物经口摄入、通过飞沫和气溶胶进行呼吸道感染，或通过蜱虫叮咬或接触啮齿动物等媒介感染。此外，抗生素耐药性细菌病原体的出现和传播是公共卫生领域极为关注的问题。其进一步传播的可能性受到多种因素影响。这些因素包括国际贸易的增加、动物栖息地受到威胁以及人类与野生动物的接触日益密切。此外，畜牧业的变化和气候变化也可能起到一定作用。因此，人畜共患病研究有助于保护人类和动物健康，具有特别重要的社会、政治和经济意义。本文综述的目的是介绍由细菌性人畜共患病原体引起的各类传染病，以便更好地理解公共卫生服务、动物卫生服务和食品安全控制方面的重要工作。所选典型疾病的不同传播途径、流行潜力和流行病学措施表明，公共卫生系统在监测和控制这些细菌病原体传播以保护民众免受疾病侵害方面面临诸多挑战。
