Department of Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States.
Department of Rheumatology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India.
Immunology. 2023 Oct;170(2):180-192. doi: 10.1111/imm.13663. Epub 2023 May 24.
The complement system, an arm of the innate immune system plays a critical role in both health and disease. The complement system is highly complex with dual possibilities, helping or hurting the host, depending on the location and local microenvironment. The traditionally known functions of complement include surveillance, pathogen recognition, immune complex trafficking, processing and pathogen elimination. The noncanonical functions of the complement system include their roles in development, differentiation, local homeostasis and other cellular functions. Complement proteins are present in both, the plasma and on the membranes. Complement activation occurs both extra- and intracellularly, which leads to considerable pleiotropy in their activity. In order to design more desirable and effective therapies, it is important to understand the different functions of complement, and its location-based and tissue-specific responses. This manuscript will provide a brief overview into the complex nature of the complement cascade, outlining some of their complement-independent functions, their effects at different locale, and their implication in disease settings.
补体系统是先天免疫系统的一部分，在健康和疾病中都起着关键作用。补体系统非常复杂，具有双重可能性，根据位置和局部微环境，有助于或伤害宿主。补体的传统已知功能包括监视、病原体识别、免疫复合物运输、加工和病原体消除。补体系统的非经典功能包括它们在发育、分化、局部内稳定和其他细胞功能中的作用。补体蛋白存在于血浆和膜上。补体激活发生在细胞外和细胞内，这导致其活性具有相当大的多效性。为了设计更理想和有效的治疗方法，了解补体的不同功能及其基于位置和组织特异性的反应非常重要。本文将简要概述补体级联的复杂性质，概述其一些补体非依赖性功能、它们在不同部位的作用以及它们在疾病状态下的意义。
