Bayer AG, Crop Science Division, Environmental Safety, Monheim, Germany.
Corteva Agriscience, Chalandri, Greece.
Integr Environ Assess Manag. 2024 Jan;20(1):239-247. doi: 10.1002/ieam.4793. Epub 2023 Jun 14.
For plant protection products applied as seed treatments, the risk to birds and mammals possibly feeding on treated seeds must be addressed in the EU to register products for commercial use. One assumption of the Tier 1 long-term risk assessment of the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) is that residues of pesticides on treated seeds do not decline over time after seeding. Consequently, a time-weighted average factor (f ) of 1 (i.e., no dissipation) is used to calculate residue concentrations on seeds. In contrast, for spray applications, a default dissipation half-life (DT ) of 10 days is considered corresponding to an f of 0.53. The aim of this study was to establish a default f for treated seeds based on 29 industry-conducted seed dissipation studies, providing 240 datasets covering different active substances, crops, and regions. For f calculation, two approaches were used: (i) kinetic fitting and (ii) using measured data without kinetic fitting. From kinetic fitting, 145 reliable DT values were obtained. Because there were no significant differences in DT values between crops and between the central and southern EU, the DT data from all studies were pooled. The geometric mean DT was 3.8 days and the 90th percentile was 13.0 days, corresponding to 21-day f values of 0.27 and 0.59, respectively. Twenty-one-day f values could be calculated directly from measured residues for 204 datasets. The resulting 21-day f values were comparable with those from kinetic fitting (geometric mean: 0.29, 90th percentile: 0.59). The results demonstrate that residue decline on seeds is comparable with foliar dissipation after spray applications. Therefore, the risk assessment scheme by EFSA should implement a default f < 1.0 in the Tier 1 risk assessment for treated seeds (e.g., either 0.53 as for foliage or 0.59, the 90th percentile f in seeds reported in this study). Integr Environ Assess Manag 2024;20:239-247. © 2023 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).
对于作为种子处理剂施用的植物保护产品，在欧盟注册商业用途的产品时，必须解决鸟类和哺乳动物可能食用处理过的种子的风险。欧洲食品安全局（EFSA）一级长期风险评估的一个假设是，种子处理后，农药残留不会随时间下降。因此，使用时间加权平均因子（f）为 1（即无降解）来计算种子上的残留浓度。相比之下，对于喷雾应用，默认的消解半衰期（DT）为 10 天，对应于 f 为 0.53。本研究的目的是基于 29 项行业进行的种子消解研究，建立处理种子的默认 f，提供涵盖不同活性物质、作物和地区的 240 个数据集。对于 f 的计算，使用了两种方法：（i）动力学拟合和（ii）使用无动力学拟合的实测数据。从动力学拟合中，获得了 145 个可靠的 DT 值。由于作物之间和欧盟中部和南部之间的 DT 值没有显著差异，因此汇总了所有研究的数据。几何平均 DT 为 3.8 天，90 百分位为 13.0 天，相应的 21 天 f 值分别为 0.27 和 0.59。对于 204 个数据集，可以直接从实测残留量计算 21 天 f 值。由此产生的 21 天 f 值与动力学拟合结果相当（几何平均值：0.29，90 百分位值：0.59）。结果表明，种子上的残留下降与喷雾后叶片的消解相当。因此，EFSA 的风险评估方案应在一级风险评估中为处理过的种子实施 f<1.0 的默认值（例如，0.53 与叶片相同，或 0.59，为本研究报告的种子中 90 百分位 f）。综合环境评估与管理 2024；20：239-247。©2023 作者。综合环境评估与管理由 Wiley 期刊 LLC 代表环境毒理学与化学学会（SETAC）出版。
