Souza Santos Gustavo, Casallanovo Fábio, Cione Ana Paola, Artal Mariana Coletty, Felici José Paulo, Paniago Mario Del Giudice, von Blanckenhagen Felix, Vallon Martin, Ludwigs Jan-Dieter, Farrelly Eamonn, Kragten Steven, Maul Jonathan D
Syngenta Proteção de Cultivos Ltda, São Paulo, Brazil.
RIFCON GmbH, Hirschberg, Germany.
Integr Environ Assess Manag. 2025 May 1;21(3):665-673. doi: 10.1093/inteam/vjaf002.
Agricultural landscapes in Brazil provide habitat to various bird species, which may be exposed to pesticide-treated seeds that have not been incorporated into the soil during drilling. Understanding the dynamics and interactions between birds and drilled fields is crucial for developing sustainable farming practices that balance agricultural food production with wildlife conservation. This study focused on the attractivity of freshly drilled onion and carrot fields to birds and the potential exposure of birds to the pesticide-treated onion and carrot seeds available on the soil surface after drilling in Minas Gerais, Brazil. Bird surveys were conducted using scan sampling and point count methods to assess diversity and behavior before, on the day of drilling, and after drilling. Carrot fields showed a decrease in observed species and individuals on the day of drilling, with an increase in bird sightings after drilling. Similar trends were observed in onion fields, with the species composition changing after drilling and a significant decrease in abundance on the day of drilling. None of the species found foraging in the field after drilling were granivorous or omnivorous. Seed exposure was assessed by counting available seeds on the soil surface at different time points after drilling. Seed exposure was higher in the field border than in the field center. These findings indicate that carrot and onion fields offer limited food sources for granivore bird species probably due to low seed availability and intensive seedbed preparation. The research also suggests that freshly drilled carrot and onion crops are unattractive to foraging birds, with low seed exposure and a reduced likelihood of contact with pesticides applied as a seed treatment.
巴西的农业景观为各种鸟类提供了栖息地，这些鸟类可能会接触到在播种时未混入土壤的经过农药处理的种子。了解鸟类与播种田地之间的动态关系和相互作用，对于制定可持续农业实践至关重要，这种实践要在农业粮食生产与野生动物保护之间取得平衡。本研究聚焦于巴西米纳斯吉拉斯州新播种的洋葱田和胡萝卜田对鸟类的吸引力，以及鸟类在播种后接触土壤表面可用的经过农药处理的洋葱和胡萝卜种子的可能性。采用扫描抽样和定点计数方法进行鸟类调查，以评估播种前、播种当天和播种后的多样性及行为。胡萝卜田在播种当天观察到的物种和个体数量减少，播种后鸟类目击数量增加。洋葱田也观察到类似趋势，播种后物种组成发生变化，播种当天数量显著减少。在播种后在田间觅食的物种中，没有一种是食谷或杂食性的。通过计算播种后不同时间点土壤表面可用种子数量来评估种子暴露情况。田边的种子暴露量高于田中央。这些发现表明，胡萝卜田和洋葱田为食谷鸟类提供的食物来源有限，可能是由于种子可用性低和苗床准备密集。该研究还表明，新播种的胡萝卜和洋葱作物对觅食鸟类没有吸引力，种子暴露量低，与作为种子处理施用的农药接触的可能性降低。
