Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, Arak University, Arak, Iran.
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahwaz, Iran.
Reprod Fertil Dev. 2023 May;35(8):492. doi: 10.1071/RD22247_CO.
In diabetes, abnormalities of granulosa cells (GCs) and steroidogenesis are associated with hyperglycaemia-induced oxidative stress. Betaine has beneficial effect in experimental model of diabetes by reducing oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis.
In this study we investigate the effects of betaine to prevent oxidative stress in GCs induced by high glucose and improve steroidogenesis.
Primary GCs, isolated from ovarian follicles of C57BL/6 mice were cultured in 5mM (control) and 30mM (hyperglycaemia) of glucose and in presence of 5mM of betaine for 24h. Then antioxidant enzymes, malondialdehyde, oestradiol and progesterone were measured. In addition, the expression of Nrf2 and NF-κB , antioxidant enzymes (Sod1 , Gpx and Cat ) were analysed by qRT-PCR assay.
We observed significant (P NF-κB and down-regulation of Nrf2 due to high concentration of glucose. Also significant (P Cat , Sod1 and GPx ) and activity reduction of these enzymes as well as significant (P NF-κB and up-regulating the expression of Nrf2 , Cat , Sod1 and GPx . It was also shown that betaine in the presence of FSH significantly (P Conclusion: Betaine compensated the antioxidant stress in mouse GCs under hyperglycaemic condition via regulation of Nrf2/NF-κB at transcription level.
As betaine is a natural product and no side effect has been reported to today, we suggest more research needs to be carried out especially on patients whom suffer from diabetes to find the probability of using betaine as a therapeutic agent.
在糖尿病中，颗粒细胞（GCs）的异常和类固醇生成与高血糖诱导的氧化应激有关。甜菜碱通过减少氧化应激、炎症和细胞凋亡，对糖尿病的实验模型具有有益的作用。
本研究旨在探讨甜菜碱预防高葡萄糖诱导的 GCs 氧化应激和改善类固醇生成的作用。
从 C57BL/6 小鼠卵巢卵泡中分离出原代 GCs，在 5mM（对照）和 30mM（高血糖）葡萄糖以及 5mM 甜菜碱存在下培养 24 小时。然后测量抗氧化酶、丙二醛、雌二醇和孕酮。此外，通过 qRT-PCR 检测 Nrf2 和 NF-κB 的表达以及抗氧化酶（Sod1、Gpx 和 Cat）。
我们观察到高浓度葡萄糖显著（P<0.05）下调 Nrf2 和 NF-κB，同时显著（P<0.05）下调抗氧化酶（Sod1、Gpx 和 Cat）的表达和活性，以及显著（P<0.05）上调炎症标志物 NF-κB 和下调抗氧化标志物 Nrf2。此外，我们还发现，在 FSH 存在下，甜菜碱显著（P<0.05）上调抗氧化酶（Cat、Sod1 和 Gpx）的表达和活性，以及下调 NF-κB 的表达，同时上调 Nrf2 的表达。
甜菜碱通过调节 Nrf2/NF-κB 在转录水平上，补偿了高糖条件下小鼠 GCs 的抗氧化应激。
由于甜菜碱是一种天然产物，迄今为止没有报道其副作用，因此我们建议需要进行更多的研究，特别是对患有糖尿病的患者，以确定使用甜菜碱作为治疗剂的可能性。
