Division of Pediatric Pulmonology and Sleep Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
Division of Pediatric Pulmonology and Sleep Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
Paediatr Respir Rev. 2023 Dec;48:20-23. doi: 10.1016/j.prrv.2023.05.002. Epub 2023 May 9.
The COVID-19 pandemic has created diagnostic difficulties with the increase in mental health illnesses that often present with nonspecific symptoms, like hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Hypersensitivity pneumonitis is a complex syndrome of varying triggers, onset, severity, and clinical manifestations that can be challenging to diagnose in many cases. Typical symptoms are nonspecific and can be attributed to other entities. There are no pediatric guidelines, which contributes to diagnostic difficulties and delays in treatment. It is particularly important to avoid diagnostic biases, have an index of suspicion for hypersensitivity pneumonitis, and to develop pediatric guidelines as outcomes are excellent when diagnosed and treated promptly. This article discusses hypersensitivity pneumonitis with a focus on the causes, pathogenesis, diagnostic approach, outcomes, and prognosis while using a case to illustrate the diagnostic difficulties worsened by the COVID-19 pandemic.
COVID-19 大流行导致精神疾病的诊断变得更加困难，这些疾病常表现出非特异性症状，如过敏性肺炎。过敏性肺炎是一种由多种触发因素、发病、严重程度和临床表现组成的复杂综合征，在许多情况下都难以诊断。典型症状是非特异性的，可能归因于其他实体。目前还没有儿科指南，这导致了诊断困难和治疗延误。特别重要的是要避免诊断偏差，对过敏性肺炎保持高度怀疑，并制定儿科指南，因为及时诊断和治疗的预后非常好。本文讨论了过敏性肺炎，重点介绍了其病因、发病机制、诊断方法、结果和预后，并使用一个病例说明了 COVID-19 大流行如何加剧了诊断困难。
