Institute of Population and Health, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, P. R. China.
Foundational and Translational Medical Research Center, Department of Allergy and General Surgery, Hohhot First Hospital, Hohhot 010030, P. R. China.
J Dairy Sci. 2023 Jul;106(7):4516-4523. doi: 10.3168/jds.2022-22392. Epub 2023 May 22.
Observational associations between milk consumption and essential hypertension have been reported. However, their causal inferences have not been proven, and the effects of different types of milk consumption on hypertension risk remain poorly characterized. The Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was performed using public summary-level statistics from genome-wide association studies to determine whether the different types of milk consumption affect essential hypertension differently. Six different milk consumption types were defined as exposure conditions, whereas essential hypertension identified by the ninth and tenth revisions of the International Classification of Diseases was considered the outcome of interest. Genetic variants, which were genome-wide associated with the types of milk consumed, were used as an instrumental variable for MR analysis. In primary MR analysis, the inverse-variance weighted method was adopted followed by several sensitivity analyses. Our findings suggested that of the 6 common types of milk consumed, semi-skimmed and soya milk products were protective against essential hypertension, whereas skim milk had the opposite effect. Consistent results were also observed in sensitivity analyses that followed. The present study provided genetic evidence that a causal link between milk consumption and the risk of essential hypertension and a new reference for the diet antihypertensive treatment plan for patients with hypertension.
已经有报道称，牛奶摄入与原发性高血压之间存在观察性关联。然而，这些关联的因果关系尚未得到证实，不同类型的牛奶摄入对高血压风险的影响仍不清楚。本研究采用基于全基因组关联研究的汇总统计数据的孟德尔随机化（MR）分析，以确定不同类型的牛奶摄入是否对原发性高血压有不同的影响。将六种不同的牛奶摄入类型定义为暴露条件，而第九和第十次修订的《国际疾病分类》中确定的原发性高血压则被视为感兴趣的结果。与所摄入的牛奶类型具有全基因组关联的遗传变异被用作 MR 分析的工具变量。在主要的 MR 分析中，采用了逆方差加权法，随后进行了几项敏感性分析。我们的研究结果表明，在 6 种常见的牛奶类型中，半脱脂牛奶和豆奶产品对原发性高血压有保护作用，而脱脂牛奶则有相反的效果。后续的敏感性分析也观察到了一致的结果。本研究提供了遗传证据，表明牛奶摄入与原发性高血压风险之间存在因果关系，为高血压患者的饮食降压治疗方案提供了新的参考。
