Munilla García Zaida, Costa Ferrer María Ángela, Escrivà Cerrudo Sara, Magistris Sancho Alicia, Rey-Maquieira Palmer Teresa, Vidal Coll Cristina
Servicio de Seguridad Alimentaria, Dirección General de Salud Pública y Participación, Conselleria de Salud y Consumo de las Islas Baleares. Palma de Mallorca. España.
Servicio de Medicina Interna del Hospital Can Mises. Ibiza. España.
Rev Esp Salud Publica. 2023 May 24;97:e202305040.
According to the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation of the University of Washington (IHME), exposure to lead caused 900,000 deaths worldwide in 2019. The objective of this work was to expose the case of a lead poisoning outbreak, as well as to describe the investigation carried out to determine its origin.
After the clinical analysis of the affected people, in which high levels of lead were detected in blood samples, the pertinent epidemiological surveys were carried out. These surveys pointed out, as the possible source of intoxication, to the kombucha that they made for commercial purposes and for their own consumption. Samples of the raw materials, the final product and the containers were taken and sent to the reference laboratory where the determination of lead was carried out by means of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. A risk assessment was carried out taking as parameters the lead's Benchmark Doses established by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA).
The kombucha samples analysed yielded a lead content of 0.95 mg/kg for the unpackaged kombucha with 14 days of fermentation, 7.1 mg/kg for the unpackaged kombucha with 19 days of fermentation and 47 mg/kg for the packaged and ready for consumption kombucha. Lead migration studies on commercial containers found results ranging from 5.8 mg/l to 73 mg/l.
Ceramic commercialization containers are identified as the source of the poisoning. The evaluation of the results of lead migration from the fermentation containers and the lead content of the kombucha brewed in them raises the need for the migration limits established in the regulations to be revised.
根据华盛顿大学健康指标与评估研究所（IHME）的数据，2019年全球有90万人死于铅暴露。这项工作的目的是披露一起铅中毒暴发事件，并描述为确定其源头而开展的调查。
在对受影响人群进行临床分析，检测出血液样本中铅含量很高之后，开展了相关的流行病学调查。这些调查指出，他们用于商业目的和自己饮用的康普茶可能是中毒源。采集了原材料、最终产品和容器的样本，并送往参考实验室，通过电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定铅含量。以欧洲食品安全局（EFSA）确定的铅基准剂量为参数进行了风险评估。
分析的康普茶样本中，发酵14天的未包装康普茶铅含量为0.95毫克/千克，发酵19天的未包装康普茶铅含量为7.1毫克/千克，包装好可供消费的康普茶铅含量为47毫克/千克。对商业容器进行的铅迁移研究结果在5.8毫克/升至73毫克/升之间。
确定陶瓷商业容器是中毒源。对发酵容器中铅迁移结果以及在其中酿造的康普茶铅含量的评估表明，有必要修订法规中规定的迁移限值。
