Molecular and Cellular Biology PhD Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
Cell Rep. 2023 Jun 27;42(6):112556. doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112556. Epub 2023 May 23.
Type I interferon (IFN) upregulates proteins that inhibit HIV within infected cells. Prior studies have identified IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) that impede lab-adapted HIV in cell lines, yet the ISG(s) that mediate IFN restriction in HIV target cells, primary CD4 T cells, are unknown. Here, we interrogate ISG restriction of primary HIV in CD4 T cells by performing CRISPR-knockout screens with a custom library that specifically targets ISGs expressed in CD4 T cells. Our investigation identifies previously undescribed HIV-restricting ISGs (HM13, IGFBP2, LAP3) and finds that two factors characterized in other HIV infection models (IFI16 and UBE2L6) mediate IFN restriction in T cells. Inactivation of these five ISGs in combination further diminishes IFN's protective effect against diverse HIV strains. This work demonstrates that IFN restriction of HIV is multifaceted, resulting from several effectors functioning collectively, and establishes a primary cell ISG screening model to identify both single and combinations of HIV-restricting ISGs.
I 型干扰素(IFN)上调感染细胞内抑制 HIV 的蛋白质。先前的研究已经确定了干扰素刺激基因(ISG),这些基因可以阻止细胞系中的实验室适应的 HIV,但介导 HIV 靶细胞(原代 CD4 T 细胞)中 IFN 限制的 ISG 尚不清楚。在这里,我们通过使用专门针对 CD4 T 细胞中表达的 ISG 的定制文库进行 CRISPR 敲除筛选,来研究 ISG 对原代 HIV 在 CD4 T 细胞中的限制作用。我们的研究鉴定了先前未描述的 HIV 限制 ISG(HM13、IGFBP2、LAP3),并发现在其他 HIV 感染模型中表征的两种因子(IFI16 和 UBE2L6)在 T 细胞中介导 IFN 限制。这五个 ISG 的失活组合进一步降低了 IFN 对多种 HIV 株的保护作用。这项工作表明,IFN 对 HIV 的限制是多方面的,是由几个共同作用的效应物引起的,并建立了一种原代细胞 ISG 筛选模型,以鉴定单个和组合的 HIV 限制 ISG。