De novo mutation of the TSC2 gene in patient with Tuberous Sclerosis Complex-Associated Neuropsychiatric Disorders (TAND) Phenotype: a case report.

UNLABELLED

Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a neurocutaneous disease caused by a mutation in the or gene. There are several neuropsychiatric manifestations associated with TSC known as TSC-associated neuropsychiatric disorder (TAND). This article concerns neuropsychiatric manifestations in children with the gene mutation, with genetic analysis findings using whole-exome sequencing.

CASE

A 17-year-old girl presented with TSC, absence and focal epilepsy, borderline intellectual functioning, organic psychosis, and renal angiomyolipoma. She was emotionally unstable and preoccupied with irrelevant fears. In the physical examination, we found multiple hypomelanotic maculae, angiofibroma, and a shagreen patch. The intellectual assessment result with the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale at 17 was borderline intellectual functioning. Brain MRI showed cortical and subcortical tubers in the parietal and occipital lobes. Whole-exome sequencing was conducted, and the result was a missense mutation in exon 39 of the gene [NM_000548.5:c.5024C>T (NP_000539.2:p.Pro1675Leu)]. The Sanger sequencing of the patient's parents revealed no mutations in the TSC2 gene, confirming the patient's mutation. The patient was given several antiepileptic and antipsychotic drugs.

CLINICAL DISCUSSION

Neuropsychiatric manifestation is a common phenotype in the TSC variant, and psychosis is one of the rare TAND symptoms in children.

CONCLUSIONS

The neuropsychiatric phenotype and genotype in TSC patients are rarely reported and evaluated. We reported a female child with epilepsy, borderline intellectual functioning, and organic psychosis associated with a mutation of the gene. Organic psychosis is a rare symptom of TAND which also manifested in our patient.