University of Wrocław, Institute of Geological Sciences, Department of General Hydrogeology, Cybulskiego 32, 50-205, Wrocław, Poland.
University of Wrocław, Institute of Geological Sciences, Department of General Hydrogeology, Cybulskiego 32, 50-205, Wrocław, Poland.
J Environ Manage. 2023 Oct 1;343:118153. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118153. Epub 2023 May 23.
The vertical hydraulic conductivity (K) of riverbeds plays a pivotal role in controlling water exchanges between the surface water and groundwater. The recent papers have focused on the spatial and temporal variability of K (K measured in the "z" direction), while point measurement schemes seem to require more attention. The most popular measurement technique is the falling head method, in which a PVC pipe is placed in the riverbed. The most commonly used formulas to determine hydraulic conductivity are those based on the Darcy's law and its modifications. This article presents how the falling head method should be carried out and what errors need to be considered in conditions of the riverbank intake. The simultaneous measurements and analyses of the falling head vs. the riverbed head can produce satisfying outcomes and reduce errors. A full utility MS Excel spreadsheet based on an automated formula with a solver was developed.
河床的垂向水力传导度（K）在控制地表水和地下水之间的水交换方面起着关键作用。最近的研究主要集中在 K 的时空变异性（在“z”方向上测量的 K），而点测量方案似乎需要更多关注。最流行的测量技术是降头法，其中将 PVC 管放置在河床中。最常用的确定水力传导度的公式是基于达西定律及其修正的公式。本文介绍了在河岸入口条件下应如何进行降头法以及需要考虑哪些误差。同时测量和分析降头法与河床头之间的关系可以产生令人满意的结果并减少误差。基于带有求解器的自动公式，开发了一个完整的实用 MS Excel 电子表格。
