Institute of Sports Science, College of Physical Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management (PRTM), Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA.
Environ Pollut. 2023 Aug 15;331(Pt 2):121852. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121852. Epub 2023 May 23.
Green space is increasingly known to improve physical and mental health. Based on these benefits, green space might also be expected to help mitigate related harmful behavioral patterns, such as obsessive Internet use and relevant addictions. In response, we conducted a study on smartphone addiction, a new form of Internet addiction. We carried out a cross-sectional investigation in August 2022. We recruited 1011 smartphone users across China in August 2022, measured the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) in their residential neighborhoods (in 1, 2, and 3 km buffers), and captured data on smartphone addiction via the Smartphone Addiction Scale - Short version (SAS-SV). Potential mediators between green space and smartphone addiction, including physical activity, stress, and loneliness, were also reported by participants using the Physical Activity Rating Scale-3 (PRS-3), Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21), and 8-items UCLA Loneliness Scale (ULS-8). Multiple linear regression was employed to examine the relationships between green space and smartphone addiction. Structural equation modeling was performed to examine the potential pathways between these variables. Unexpectedly, NDVI in 1 km buffers was positively associated with smartphone addiction. By contrast, population density, an indicator of urbanization, was associated with lower levels of smartphone addiction in all NDVI buffer sizes. Meanwhile, we found NDVI was strongly associated with population density as well as other indicators of urbanization. Our findings are unexpected and suggest that greenness may serve as an indicator of urbanization at national levels and that urbanization may buffer against smartphone addiction. During the hot summer, green space and indoor facilities may have competitive land uses, so future research should examine whether this association exists in other seasons and scenarios. We also recommend alternative models to systematically evaluate the effects of different components of residential environments.
绿色空间越来越被认为可以改善身心健康。基于这些益处，绿色空间也有望帮助减轻与之相关的有害行为模式，如过度上网和相关成瘾。有鉴于此，我们针对智能手机成瘾这一新形式的网络成瘾开展了一项研究。我们于 2022 年 8 月进行了一项横断面调查。我们在中国各地招募了 1011 名智能手机使用者，测量了他们居住社区的归一化差异植被指数（NDVI）（在 1、2 和 3 公里缓冲区），并通过智能手机成瘾量表-短版（SAS-SV）获取了智能手机成瘾数据。参与者还使用体力活动评定量表-3（PRS-3）、抑郁、焦虑和压力量表-21（DASS-21）和 8 项 UCLA 孤独量表（ULS-8）报告了绿色空间与智能手机成瘾之间的潜在中介因素，包括体力活动、压力和孤独感。我们采用多元线性回归检验了绿色空间与智能手机成瘾之间的关系。采用结构方程模型检验了这些变量之间的潜在途径。出乎意料的是，1 公里缓冲区的 NDVI 与智能手机成瘾呈正相关。相比之下，人口密度作为城市化的一个指标，与所有 NDVI 缓冲区大小的智能手机成瘾水平呈负相关。同时，我们发现 NDVI 与人口密度以及其他城市化指标密切相关。我们的研究结果出人意料，表明绿色空间可能是国家层面城市化的一个指标，而城市化可能会减轻智能手机成瘾。在炎热的夏季，绿色空间和室内设施可能存在竞争性的土地利用，因此未来的研究应检验这种关联是否存在于其他季节和场景中。我们还建议采用替代模型系统地评估居住环境不同组成部分的影响。
