Debeljak Pavla, Baltar Federico
Fungal & Biogeochemical Oceanography, Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria.
SupBiotech, 94800 Villejuif, France.
J Fungi (Basel). 2023 Apr 25;9(5):510. doi: 10.3390/jof9050510.
Fungi have shaped the biosphere since the development of life on Earth. Despite fungi being present in all environments, most of the available fungal research has focused on soils. As a result, the role and composition of fungal communities in aquatic (marine and freshwater) environments remain largely unexplored. The use of different primers to characterise fungal communities has additionally complicated intercomparisons among studies. Consequently, we lack a basic global assessment of fungal diversity across major ecosystems. Here, we took advantage of a recently published 18S rRNA dataset comprising samples from major ecosystems (terrestrial, freshwater, and marine) to attempt a global assessment of fungal diversity and community composition. We found the highest fungal diversities for terrestrial > freshwater > marine environments, and pronounced gradients of fungal diversity along temperature, salinity, and latitude in all ecosystems. We also identified the most abundant taxa in each of these ecosystems, mostly dominated by Ascomycota and Basidiomycota, except in freshwater rivers where Chytridiomycota dominated. Collectively, our analysis provides a global analysis of fungal diversity across all major environmental ecosystems, highlighting the most distinct order and ASVs (amplicon sequencing variants) by ecosystem, and thus filling a critical gap in the study of the Earth's mycobiome.
自地球上生命出现以来，真菌就一直在塑造着生物圈。尽管真菌存在于所有环境中，但现有的大多数真菌研究都集中在土壤方面。因此，真菌群落在水生（海洋和淡水）环境中的作用和组成在很大程度上仍未得到探索。使用不同的引物来表征真菌群落，这也使得不同研究之间的相互比较变得更加复杂。因此，我们缺乏对主要生态系统中真菌多样性的基本全球评估。在这里，我们利用最近发表的一个18S rRNA数据集，该数据集包含来自主要生态系统（陆地、淡水和海洋）的样本，试图对真菌多样性和群落组成进行全球评估。我们发现，陆地>淡水>海洋环境中的真菌多样性最高，并且在所有生态系统中，真菌多样性沿温度、盐度和纬度呈现出明显的梯度变化。我们还确定了这些生态系统中每个生态系统中最丰富的分类群，除了淡水河流中壶菌门占主导外，其他大多由子囊菌门和担子菌门主导。总的来说，我们的分析提供了对所有主要环境生态系统中真菌多样性的全球分析，突出了每个生态系统中最独特的目和扩增子测序变体（ASV），从而填补了地球真菌群落研究中的一个关键空白。
