Senior Resident, Department of Nephrology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India.
Assistant Professor, Department of Nephrology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Rishikesh, Uttrakhand, India.
Medicine (Baltimore). 2023 May 26;102(21):e33888. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000033888.
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is the most common cause of chronic kidney disease, which leads to end-stage renal failure worldwide. Glomerular damage, renal arteriosclerosis, and atherosclerosis are the contributing factors in diabetic patients, leading to the progression of kidney damage. Diabetes is a distinct risk factor for acute kidney injury (AKI) and AKI is associated with faster advancement of renal disease in patients with diabetes. The long-term consequences of AKI include the development of end-stage renal disease, higher cardiovascular and cerebral events, poor quality of life, and high morbidity and mortality. In general, not many studies discussed extensively "AKI in DM." Moreover, articles addressing this topic are scarce. It is also important to know the cause of AKI in diabetic patients so that timely intervention and preventive strategies can be implemented to decrease kidney injury. Aim of this review article is to address the epidemiology of AKI, its risk factors, different pathophysiological mechanisms, how AKI differs between diabetic and nondiabetic patients and its preventive and therapeutic implications in diabetics. The increasing occurrence and prevalence of AKI and DM, as well as other pertinent issues, motivated us to address this topic.
糖尿病（DM）是导致全球慢性肾脏病（CKD）发展为终末期肾衰竭的最常见原因。肾小球损伤、肾动脉硬化和动脉粥样硬化是糖尿病患者的致病因素，导致肾脏损伤的进展。糖尿病是急性肾损伤（AKI）的明确危险因素，AKI 与糖尿病患者的肾脏疾病进展更快有关。AKI 的长期后果包括终末期肾病的发展、更高的心脑血管事件、较差的生活质量以及高发病率和死亡率。总的来说，没有太多的研究广泛讨论“DM 中的 AKI”。此外，涉及这个主题的文章也很少。了解糖尿病患者 AKI 的病因也很重要，以便及时进行干预和采取预防策略，减少肾脏损伤。本文的目的是讨论 AKI 的流行病学、危险因素、不同的病理生理机制、糖尿病和非糖尿病患者 AKI 的差异及其在糖尿病患者中的预防和治疗意义。AKI 和 DM 的发生率和患病率不断增加，以及其他相关问题，促使我们解决这一问题。
