Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, UANL, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Cd. Universitaria, Ave. Universidad S/N, San Nicolás de Los Garza, Nuevo León, 66455, Mexico.
Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, UANL, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Cd. Universitaria, Ave. Universidad S/N, San Nicolás de Los Garza, Nuevo León, 66455, Mexico.
Chemosphere. 2023 Sep;335:139010. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139010. Epub 2023 May 24.
Heavy metals (HMs) and metalloids (Ms) such as arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), and lead (Pb) represent serious environmental threats due to their wide abundance and high toxicity. Contamination of water and soils by HMs and Ms from natural or anthropogenic sources is of great concern in agricultural production due to their toxic effects on plants, adversely affecting food safety and plant growth. The uptake of HMs and Ms by Phaseolus vulgaris L. plants depends on several factors including soil properties such as pH, phosphate, and organic matter. High concentrations of HMs and Ms could be toxic to plants due to the increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as (O), (OH), (HO), and (O), and oxidative stress due to an imbalance between ROS generation and antioxidant enzyme activity. To minimize the effects of ROS, plants have developed a complex defense mechanism based on the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as SOD, CAT, GPX, and phytohormones, especially salicylic acid (SA) that can reduce the toxicity of HMs and Ms. This review focuses on evaluating the accumulation and translocation of As, Cd, Hg, and Pb in Phaseolus vulgaris L. plants and on their possible effects on the growth of Phaseolus vulgaris L. in soil contaminated with these elements. The factors that affect the uptake of HMs and Ms by bean plants, and the defense mechanisms under oxidative stress caused by the presence of As, Cd, Hg, and Pb are also discussed. Furthermore, future research on mitigating HMs and Ms toxicity in Phaseolus vulgaris L. plants is highlighted.
重金属（HMs）和类金属（Ms），如砷（As）、镉（Cd）、汞（Hg）和铅（Pb），由于其广泛的丰度和高毒性，对环境构成了严重威胁。由于其对植物的毒性作用，来自自然或人为来源的水和土壤中 HMs 和 Ms 的污染对农业生产产生了极大的关注，从而对食品安全和植物生长产生不利影响。菜豆植物对 HMs 和 Ms 的吸收取决于几个因素，包括土壤性质如 pH 值、磷酸盐和有机质。由于活性氧（ROS）如（O）、（OH）、（HO）和（O）的生成增加，以及由于 ROS 生成和抗氧化酶活性之间的不平衡导致氧化应激，高浓度的 HMs 和 Ms 可能对植物有毒。为了最小化 ROS 的影响，植物已经基于抗氧化酶如 SOD、CAT、GPX 和植物激素的活性，特别是水杨酸（SA），开发了一种复杂的防御机制，其可以降低 HMs 和 Ms 的毒性。本综述重点评估了 As、Cd、Hg 和 Pb 在菜豆植物中的积累和转运，并评估了它们对污染土壤中菜豆生长的可能影响。还讨论了影响豆类植物吸收 HMs 和 Ms 的因素以及由 As、Cd、Hg 和 Pb 存在引起的氧化应激下的防御机制。此外，还强调了减轻菜豆植物中 HMs 和 Ms 毒性的未来研究。
