Opole University of Technology, Prószkowska 76, 45-271, Opole, Poland.
Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50- 370, Wrocław, Poland.
Ecotoxicology. 2024 Jan;33(1):94-103. doi: 10.1007/s10646-024-02729-z. Epub 2024 Jan 16.
The paper presents the results of studies on the influence of selected concentrations (10-100 mg L) of heavy metals (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Zn) and metalloids (As, Sb, Se) on the germination and root elongation of garden cress (Lepidium sativum L). There are not many studies on phytotoxicity of heavy metals and metalloids with the complex use of single plant species so far. On the basis of the germination index (GI) and inhibition concentration IC50, the following order of phytotoxicity of the tested elements was determined: Se> As> Hg> Sb > Mo > Cd> Co > Zn > Ni. The other metals showed no phytotoxicity or even stimulating effect. In our study the stimulating effect of the majority of Pb concentrations and the lowest concentrations of Cd and Hg has been revealed. These metals do not play any role in living organisms, however some authors confirm their stimulating effect on plants at low concentrations. Toxic concentration of metals and metalloids calculated as IC50 are lower than the concentration calculated as GI (not phytotoxic). It is well known that seeds are more independent and tolerant to toxicants when they contain reserve substances which are used during the germination period. On the basis of conducted research, high tolerance of L. sativum to heavy metals and metalloids was found, which may indicate its usefulness for phytotoxicity assessment of leachate from contaminated soil or waste (e.g. foundry waste) and its application for bioremediation to manage heavy metal pollution of soils or foundry wastes containing heavy metals and metalloids. The understanding of heavy metal and metalloids toxicity will facilitate bioremediation.
本文介绍了选择的重金属（Cd、Co、Cr、Cu、Fe、Hg、Mn、Mo、Ni、Pb、Zn）和类金属（As、Sb、Se）浓度（10-100mg/L）对花园水芹（Lepidium sativum L）发芽和根伸长影响的研究结果。到目前为止，关于重金属和类金属的植物毒性的研究并不多，而且通常是单一植物物种的单一使用。基于发芽指数（GI）和抑制浓度 IC50，确定了测试元素的以下毒性顺序：Se>As>Hg>Sb>Mo>Cd>Co>Zn>Ni。其他金属没有表现出毒性，甚至有刺激作用。在我们的研究中，揭示了大多数 Pb 浓度和最低 Cd 和 Hg 浓度的刺激作用。这些金属在生物体中没有任何作用，但一些作者证实它们在低浓度下对植物有刺激作用。作为 IC50 计算的有毒金属和类金属浓度低于作为 GI 计算的浓度（无毒性）。众所周知，当种子含有在发芽期间使用的储备物质时，它们对有毒物质更独立且更具耐受性。根据进行的研究，发现 L. sativum 对重金属和类金属具有很高的耐受性，这可能表明它可用于评估受污染土壤或废物（例如铸造废物）沥出液的植物毒性，以及用于生物修复以管理含有重金属和类金属的土壤或铸造废物的重金属污染。对重金属和类金属毒性的理解将有助于生物修复。
