Li Hongxia, Ji Hongbing, Shi Chunjing, Gao Yang, Zhang Yan, Xu Xiangyu, Ding Huaijian, Tang Lei, Xing Yuxin
Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollution, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China.
Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollution, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China.
Chemosphere. 2017 Apr;172:505-515. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.01.021. Epub 2017 Jan 6.
Heavy metals (HMs) and metalloids migrate into their surroundings, thus increasing environmental risks and threatening human health. Current studies on coal-mine brownfields, however, have not thoroughly investigated soil-associated HMs and metalloids produced by coal mining. Therefore, this study explored the spatial and particle fraction distribution and human health implications of HMs and metalloids. The soil-associated HMs and metalloids are Arsenic (As), Cadmium (Cd), Chromium (Cr), Copper (Cu), Mercury (Hg), Manganese (Mn), Nickel (Ni), Lead (Pb), Scandium (Sc), Titanium (Ti) and Zinc (Zn). Results showed that Cd, Cu, Pb, and Ni were enriched in bulk soils. Cadmium, Cu and Pb from anthropogenic source were mainly found at entrance roadsides and in sites closest to coal mines. HMs and metalloids primarily accumulated in fine fractions (<1, 1-5, and 5-10 μm). Moreover, HM and metalloid loadings substantially accumulated in the 75-250 μm and 250-1000 μm fractions. Most fine soil fractions showed moderate to strong potential ecological risks, whereas all the coarse particle fractions (50-75, 75-250, and 250-1000 μm) presented slight potential ecological risk. Exposure to soil-associated HMs and metalloids mainly occurred via ingestion. The total non-carcinogenic risks to children and adults fell below the safe level of 1, whereas the total carcinogenic risks to these individuals were higher than that of the maximum acceptable level set by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA, 1 × 10 ). The total carcinogenic risk was mainly contributed by Cd and Ni through ingestion and dermal access. Therefore, hygiene and food security in areas should be emphasized.
重金属（HMs）和类金属会迁移到周围环境中，从而增加环境风险并威胁人类健康。然而，目前关于煤矿废弃地的研究尚未全面调查煤矿开采产生的与土壤相关的重金属和类金属。因此，本研究探讨了重金属和类金属的空间分布、颗粒组分分布及其对人类健康的影响。与土壤相关的重金属和类金属包括砷（As）、镉（Cd）、铬（Cr）、铜（Cu）、汞（Hg）、锰（Mn）、镍（Ni）、铅（Pb）、钪（Sc）、钛（Ti）和锌（Zn）。结果表明，镉、铜、铅和镍在表层土壤中富集。人为来源的镉、铜和铅主要存在于入口道路旁和最靠近煤矿的区域。重金属和类金属主要积累在细颗粒组分（<1、1 - 5和5 - 10μm）中。此外，重金属和类金属含量在75 - 250μm和250 - 1000μm组分中大量积累。大多数细土壤颗粒组分显示出中度至重度的潜在生态风险，而所有粗颗粒组分（50 - 75、75 - 250和250 - 1000μm）呈现轻微的潜在生态风险。接触与土壤相关的重金属和类金属主要通过摄入途径。儿童和成人的总非致癌风险低于安全水平1，而这些个体的总致癌风险高于美国环境保护局（USEPA，1×10）设定的最大可接受水平。总致癌风险主要由镉和镍通过摄入和皮肤接触造成。因此，应强调这些地区的卫生和食品安全。
