超加工食品消费是温室气体排放、水、能源和土地利用的促进因素：一项纵向评估。

Ultra-processed foods consumption as a promoting factor of greenhouse gas emissions, water, energy, and land use: A longitudinal assessment.

机构信息

CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; Research Group on Community Nutrition & Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands-IUNICS, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.

Research Group on Community Nutrition & Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands-IUNICS, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; Faculty of Health Sciences,Catholic University of Avila, 05005 Avila, Spain.

出版信息

Sci Total Environ. 2023 Sep 15;891:164417. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164417. Epub 2023 May 24.

DOI:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164417

PMID:37236477

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Dietary patterns can produce an environmental impact. Changes in people's diet, such as the increased consumption of ultra-processed food (UPF) can not only influence human health but also environment sustainability.

OBJECTIVES

Assessment of the impact of 2-year changes in UPF consumption on greenhouse gas emissions and water, energy and land use.

DESIGN

A 2-year longitudinal study after a dietary intervention including 5879 participants from a Southern European population between the ages of 55-75 years with metabolic syndrome.

METHODS

Food intake was assessed using a validated 143-item food frequency questionnaire, which allowed classifying foods according to the NOVA system. In addition, sociodemographic data, Mediterranean diet adherence, and physical activity were obtained from validated questionnaires. Greenhouse gas emissions, water, energy and land use were calculated by means of the Agribalyse® 3.0.1 database of environmental impact indicators for food items. Changes in UPF consumption during a 2-year period were analyzed. Statistical analyses were conducted using computed General Linear Models.

RESULTS

Participants with major reductions in their UPF consumption reduced their impact by -0.6 kg of COeq and -5.3 MJ of energy. Water use was the only factor that increased as the percentage of UPF was reduced.

CONCLUSIONS

Low consumption of ultra-processed foods may contribute to environmental sustainability. The processing level of the consumed food should be considered not only for nutritional advice on health but also for environmental protection.

TRIAL REGISTRATION

ISRCTN, ISRCTN89898870. Registered 05 September 2013, http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN89898870.

摘要

背景

饮食模式会产生环境影响。人们饮食的改变，如增加对超加工食品（UPF）的消费，不仅会影响人类健康，还会影响环境可持续性。

目的

评估 2 年内 UPF 消费变化对温室气体排放以及水、能源和土地利用的影响。

设计

这是一项对包括来自南欧年龄在 55-75 岁之间有代谢综合征的 5879 名参与者的饮食干预后进行的为期 2 年的纵向研究。

方法

使用经过验证的包含 143 种食物的食物频率问卷评估食物摄入量，该问卷允许根据 NOVA 系统对食物进行分类。此外，还从经过验证的问卷中获得了社会人口统计学数据、地中海饮食的遵守情况和身体活动情况。温室气体排放、水、能源和土地利用通过 Agribalyse® 3.0.1 数据库中的食物环境影响指标计算得出。分析了 2 年内 UPF 消费的变化。使用计算的一般线性模型进行统计分析。