School of Economics and Management, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
Institute of Finance and Economics, Shanghai University of Finance and Economics, Shanghai 200433, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2023 Sep 15;891:164466. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164466. Epub 2023 May 24.
The sustainable development of agriculture is challenged by two major issues: increasing resource constraints and environmental pollution. Sustainable agricultural development is achievable by improving green total factor productivity from the perspective of resource allocation. To promote the green development of agriculture, this paper utilizes the SBM super-efficiency mode and thus calculates the agricultural resource misallocation index and agricultural green production efficiency index in China between 2001 and 2019. Furthermore, this paper discusses the temporal and spatial evolution characteristics of agricultural green production efficiency, using a fixed model and spatial econometric models to estimate the influence effect of agricultural resource misallocation on green production efficiency. Below are the results. First, China's agricultural green total factor productivity is growing at an impressive rate, with high efficiency in the northeast, northwest, and southeast coastal areas and low efficiency in the central and inland areas. Second, agricultural capital misallocation, labor misallocation, and land misallocation all negatively impact agricultural green production efficiency. Accordingly, the misallocation of agricultural factors will hamper the growth of agricultural green production efficiency in this region and also in the surrounding areas. Third, the indirect impact on the own agricultural green production efficiency exceeds its direct impact on neighboring regions' efficiency. Fourth, the mechanisms are the upgrading of agricultural industry structure and green technology innovation. According to the findings, reducing resource misallocation can substantially enhance agricultural green productivity, which is an imperative step in addressing agricultural green production. Hence, policies should be formulated that highlight the regional allocation of agricultural production factors and green production-oriented concept of agricultural production. Also, the government should promote the transformation and upgrading of the agricultural industrial structure, as well as the application of green agricultural technologies.
资源约束日益增加和环境污染。从资源配置的角度出发，提高绿色全要素生产率可以实现农业的可持续发展。为了促进农业的绿色发展，本文利用 SBM 超效率模型，计算了 2001 年至 2019 年中国农业资源错配指数和农业绿色生产效率指数。在此基础上，利用固定效应模型和空间计量模型，探讨了农业资源错配对农业绿色生产效率的影响效应。结果表明：（1）中国农业绿色全要素生产率增长迅速，东北地区、西北地区和东南沿海地区效率较高，中部和内陆地区效率较低。（2）农业资本错配、劳动错配和土地错配均对农业绿色生产效率产生负向影响，这将阻碍该地区以及周边地区农业绿色生产效率的增长。（3）农业资源错配对自身农业绿色生产效率的间接影响大于直接影响。（4）作用机制为农业产业结构升级和绿色技术创新。减少资源错配可以显著提高农业绿色生产率，这是解决农业绿色生产问题的关键步骤。因此，应制定政策，突出农业生产要素的区域配置和绿色生产导向的农业生产理念。同时，政府应推动农业产业结构的转型和升级，以及绿色农业技术的应用。
