Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
Trends Immunol. 2023 Jul;44(7):499-511. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2023.05.002. Epub 2023 May 24.
The human intestinal microbiome has coevolved with its host to establish a stable homeostatic relationship with hallmark features of mutualistic symbioses, yet the mechanistic underpinnings of host-microbiome interactions are incompletely understood. Thus, it is an opportune time to conceive a common framework for microbiome-mediated regulation of immune function. We propose the term conditioned immunity to describe the multifaceted mechanisms by which the microbiome modulates immunity. In this regard, microbial colonization is a conditioning exposure that has durable effects on immune function through the action of secondary metabolites, foreign molecular patterns, and antigens. Here, we discuss how spatial niches impact host exposure to microbial products at the level of dose and timing, which elicit diverse conditioned responses.
人类肠道微生物组与宿主共同进化，建立了一种稳定的、具有共生关系特征的内稳态关系，但宿主-微生物组相互作用的机制尚不完全清楚。因此，现在是构思一个用于描述微生物组调节免疫功能的通用框架的好时机。我们提出条件性免疫这个术语来描述微生物组调节免疫的多方面机制。在这方面，微生物定植是一种调节暴露，通过次级代谢物、外来分子模式和抗原的作用，对免疫功能产生持久的影响。在这里，我们讨论了空间生态位如何影响宿主对微生物产物的暴露水平和时间，从而引发不同的条件反应。
