College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology/Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Huanghuai Region, Ministry of Agriculture/Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit and Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, Tai'an 271018, Shandong, China.
Zoucheng Agriculture and Rural Bureau, Zoucheng 273500, Shandong, China.
Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao. 2023 May;34(5):1290-1296. doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202305.010.
Aiming at solving the problems of soil environment deterioration and the decline of both yield and quality caused by excessive application of chemical fertilizer, we investigated the effects of rotted corn straw on the soil environment of root zone, yield and quality of cucumber with 'Jinyou 35' cucumber as the experimental material. There were three treatments, namely, combined application of rotted corn straw and chemical fertilizer (T, the total nitrogen fertilizer application were 450 kg N·hm, of which 9000 kg·hm rotted corn straw was used as the subsoil fertilizer, and the rest was supplemented with chemical fertilizer), pure chemical fertilizer (T, the total nitrogen fertilizer application was the same as T) and no fertilization (control). The results showed that the content of soil organic matter in root zone soil in T treatment was much higher, but no difference between T treatment and the control, after two continuous plantings in one year. The concentrations of soil alkaline nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium of T and T in cucumber root zone were higher than that in the control. T treatment had lower bulk density, but markedly higher porosity and respiratory rate than T treatment and the control in root zone soil. The electric conductivity of T treatment was higher than that of the control, but significantly lower than T treatment. There was no significant difference in pH among the three treatments. The quantity of bacteria and actinomycetes in cucumber rhizosphere soil were the highest in T, and the lowest in the control. However, the highest quantity of fungi was found in T. The enzyme activities of rhizosphere soil in T treatment were markedly higher than those of the control, whereas those of T treatment were significantly lower or had no significant difference relative to the control. The cucumber root dry weight and root activity of T were significantly higher than that of the control. The yield of T treatment increased by 10.1%, and fruit quality improved obviously. The root activity of T treatment was also significantly higher than that in the control. There was no significant difference in root dry weight and yield between T treatment and the control. Furthermore, T treatment revealed a decrease in fruit quality relative to T treatment. These results suggested that the combined application of rotted corn straw and chemical fertilizer could improve soil environment, promote root growth, enhance root activity and improve yield and quality of cucumber in solar-greenhouse, which could be popularized and applied in protected cucumber production.
针对化肥过量施用导致的土壤环境恶化和产量、品质下降的问题，以津优 35 黄瓜为试验材料，研究了腐熟玉米秸秆对根区土壤环境、黄瓜产量和品质的影响。设 3 个处理，分别为腐熟玉米秸秆与化肥配施（T，总氮施用量 450kg N·hm ，其中 9000kg·hm 的腐熟玉米秸秆作为基肥施入，其余用化肥补充）、单施化肥（T ，总氮施用量同 T）和不施肥（对照）。结果表明，T 处理根区土壤有机质含量在连续 2 年种植后显著高于 T 处理和对照；T 和 T 处理根区土壤碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾浓度均高于对照。T 处理土壤容重显著低于 T 处理和对照，而总孔隙度和呼吸速率显著高于 T 处理和对照。T 处理土壤电导率高于对照，但显著低于 T 处理。3 个处理间土壤 pH 无显著差异。T 处理根际土壤细菌和放线菌数量最高，对照最低；真菌数量最高的是 T 处理。T 处理土壤酶活性显著高于对照，T 处理则显著低于对照或与对照无显著差异。T 处理黄瓜根干重和根活力显著高于对照。T 处理产量提高 10.1%，果实品质明显改善。T 处理根活力也显著高于对照。T 处理根干重和产量与对照无显著差异，果实品质较 T 处理有所下降。综上，腐熟玉米秸秆与化肥配施能改善土壤环境，促进根系生长，增强根活力，提高黄瓜产量和品质，可在保护地黄瓜生产中推广应用。
