Polyak Andras, Képes Zita, Trencsényi György
Division of Nuclear Medicine and Translational Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
Bioengineering (Basel). 2023 Apr 25;10(5):521. doi: 10.3390/bioengineering10050521.
Until now, very few efforts have been made to specifically trace, monitor, and visualize implantations, artificial organs, and bioengineered scaffolds for tissue engineering in vivo. While mainly X-Ray, CT, and MRI methods have been used for this purpose, the applications of more sensitive, quantitative, specific, radiotracer-based nuclear imaging techniques remain a challenge. As the need for biomaterials increases, so does the need for research tools to evaluate host responses. PET (positron emission tomography) and SPECT (single photon emission computer tomography) techniques are promising tools for the clinical translation of such regenerative medicine and tissue engineering efforts. These tracer-based methods offer unique and inevitable support, providing specific, quantitative, visual, non-invasive feedback on implanted biomaterials, devices, or transplanted cells. PET and SPECT can improve and accelerate these studies through biocompatibility, inertivity, and immune-response evaluations over long investigational periods at high sensitivities with low limits of detection. The wide range of radiopharmaceuticals, the newly developed specific bacteria, and the inflammation of specific or fibrosis-specific tracers as well as labeled individual nanomaterials can represent new, valuable tools for implant research. This review aims to summarize the opportunities of nuclear-imaging-supported implant research, including bone, fibrosis, bacteria, nanoparticle, and cell imaging, as well as the latest cutting-edge pretargeting methods.
到目前为止，在体内专门追踪、监测和可视化植入物、人造器官以及用于组织工程的生物工程支架方面所做的努力非常少。虽然主要使用X射线、CT和MRI方法来实现这一目的，但应用更灵敏、定量、特异的基于放射性示踪剂的核成像技术仍然是一项挑战。随着对生物材料需求的增加，对评估宿主反应的研究工具的需求也在增加。正电子发射断层扫描（PET）和单光子发射计算机断层扫描（SPECT）技术是此类再生医学和组织工程临床转化的有前景的工具。这些基于示踪剂的方法提供了独特且不可或缺的支持，能对植入的生物材料、装置或移植细胞提供特异、定量、可视化的非侵入性反馈。PET和SPECT可以通过在长研究周期内以高灵敏度和低检测限进行生物相容性、惰性和免疫反应评估，来改进和加速这些研究。种类繁多的放射性药物、新开发的特异性细菌、特异性或纤维化特异性示踪剂的炎症反应以及标记的单个纳米材料，可以成为植入研究的新的有价值的工具。本综述旨在总结核成像支持的植入研究的机会，包括骨成像、纤维化成像、细菌成像、纳米颗粒成像和细胞成像，以及最新的前沿预靶向方法。
