Elwell Emily J, Vaglio Stefano
Animal Behaviour & Wildlife Conservation Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton WV1 1LY, UK.
University College-The Castle, Durham University, Durham DH1 3RW, UK.
Animals (Basel). 2023 May 12;13(10):1617. doi: 10.3390/ani13101617.
Zoos worldwide play an important role in both in situ and ex situ conservation via efforts such as providing breeding programmes and reintroductions into the wild. Zoo populations are crucial as a buffer against extinction. However, a mismatch between the wild and zoo environments can lead to psychological as well as physiological health issues, such as stress, boredom, diabetes, and obesity. These problems, in turn, can impact the reproductive success of individuals. Consequently, some primate species have reduced breeding success when housed in zoos compared to their wild counterparts. To prevent the onset of behavioural, physiological, and cognitive negative effects and to continually improve the welfare of their animals, zoos widely implement different types of environmental enrichment. There are many forms enrichment can take, such as feeding, puzzles and training, but sensory enrichments, including implementing the use of scents, are currently understudied. Scent enrichments are less utilized despite multiple research studies showing that they may have positive effects on welfare for zoo-housed animal species, including non-human primates. Despite being traditionally considered to be microsmatic, various lines of evidence suggest that olfaction plays a larger role in primates than previously thought. This review therefore focuses on scent-based enrichment and the specifics of captive primates.
全球各地的动物园通过提供繁殖计划和放归野外等努力，在就地保护和迁地保护中都发挥着重要作用。动物园种群作为防止物种灭绝的缓冲至关重要。然而，野生环境和动物园环境之间的不匹配可能导致心理和生理健康问题，如压力、无聊、糖尿病和肥胖。这些问题反过来又会影响个体的繁殖成功率。因此，与野生同类相比，一些灵长类物种在动物园饲养时繁殖成功率降低。为了防止行为、生理和认知方面的负面影响出现，并持续改善动物的福利，动物园广泛实施不同类型的环境富集措施。富集可以有多种形式，如喂食、谜题和训练，但包括使用气味在内的感官富集目前研究较少。尽管多项研究表明气味富集可能对圈养动物物种（包括非人类灵长类动物）的福利有积极影响，但气味富集的应用较少。尽管传统上认为灵长类动物嗅觉不灵敏，但各种证据表明嗅觉在灵长类动物中所起的作用比以前认为的更大。因此，本综述重点关注基于气味的富集以及圈养灵长类动物的具体情况。
