Mitrović Joško, Hrkač Stela, Tečer Josip, Golob Majda, Ljilja Posavec Anja, Kolar Mitrović Helena, Grgurević Lovorka
Division of Clinical Immunology, Rheumatology and Allergology, Department of Internal Medicine, Dubrava University Hospital, School of Medicine and Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Avenija Gojka Šuška 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
Polyclinic for the Respiratory Tract Diseases, Prilaz Baruna Filipovića 11, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
Biomedicines. 2023 Apr 24;11(5):1262. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines11051262.
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is among the most prevalent and debilitating autoimmune inflammatory chronic diseases. Although it is primarily characterized by destructive peripheral arthritis, it is a systemic disease, and RA-related extraarticular manifestations (EAMs) can affect almost every organ, exhibit a multitude of clinical presentations, and can even be asymptomatic. Importantly, EAMs largely contribute to the quality of life and mortality of RA patients, particularly substantially increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) which is the leading cause of death in RA patients. In spite of known risk factors related to EAM development, a more in-depth understanding of its pathophysiology is lacking. Improved knowledge of EAMs and their comparison to the pathogenesis of arthritis in RA could lead to a better understanding of RA inflammation overall and its initial phases. Taking into account that RA is a disorder that has many faces and that each person experiences it and responds to treatments differently, gaining a better understanding of the connections between the joint and extra-joint manifestations could help to create new treatments and improve the overall approach to the patient.
类风湿关节炎（RA）是最常见且使人衰弱的自身免疫性炎症性慢性疾病之一。尽管其主要特征为破坏性外周关节炎，但它是一种全身性疾病，与RA相关的关节外表现（EAM）几乎可累及每个器官，呈现多种临床表现，甚至可能无症状。重要的是，EAM在很大程度上影响RA患者的生活质量和死亡率，尤其是心血管疾病（CVD）风险大幅增加，而CVD是RA患者的主要死因。尽管已知与EAM发生相关的危险因素，但对其病理生理学仍缺乏更深入的了解。更好地了解EAM及其与RA关节炎发病机制的比较，可能有助于更全面地理解RA炎症及其初始阶段。考虑到RA是一种具有多种表现的疾病，且每个人对其的体验和对治疗的反应都不同，更好地理解关节和关节外表现之间的联系有助于开发新的治疗方法并改善整体治疗策略。
