Schreiner Thomas Gabriel, Schreiner Oliver Daniel, Adam Maricel, Popescu Bogdan Ovidiu
Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Grigore T. Popa", 700115 Iași, Romania.
Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iasi, 21-23 Professor Dimitrie Mangeron Blvd., 700050 Iasi, Romania.
Biomedicines. 2023 May 10;11(5):1411. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines11051411.
Amyloid beta peptide is an important biomarker in Alzheimer's disease, with the amyloidogenic hypothesis as one of the central hypotheses trying to explain this type of dementia. Despite numerous studies, the etiology of Alzheimer's disease remains incompletely known, as the pathological accumulation of amyloid beta aggregates cannot fully explain the complex clinical picture of the disease. Or, for the development of effective therapies, it is mandatory to understand the roles of amyloid beta at the brain level, from its initial monomeric stage prior to aggregation in the form of senile plaques. In this sense, this review aims to bring new, clinically relevant data on a subject intensely debated in the literature in the last years. In the first part, the amyloidogenic cascade is reviewed and the possible subtypes of amyloid beta are differentiated. In the second part, the roles played by the amyloid beta monomers in physiological and pathological (neurodegenerative) conditions are illustrated based on the most relevant and recent studies published on this topic. Finally, considering the importance of amyloid beta monomers in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease, new research directions with diagnostic and therapeutic impacts are suggested.
淀粉样β肽是阿尔茨海默病的一种重要生物标志物，淀粉样蛋白生成假说作为试图解释这类痴呆症的核心假说之一。尽管进行了大量研究，但阿尔茨海默病的病因仍未完全明确，因为淀粉样β聚集体的病理性积累无法完全解释该疾病复杂的临床症状。或者说，为了开发有效的治疗方法，必须从淀粉样β在大脑层面的作用入手，从其在形成老年斑之前的初始单体阶段开始了解。从这个意义上讲，本综述旨在提供关于近年来文献中激烈讨论的一个主题的新的、与临床相关的数据。在第一部分，回顾了淀粉样蛋白生成级联反应，并区分了淀粉样β可能的亚型。在第二部分，基于关于该主题发表的最相关和最新的研究，阐述了淀粉样β单体在生理和病理（神经退行性）条件下所起的作用。最后，考虑到淀粉样β单体在阿尔茨海默病病理生理学中的重要性，提出了具有诊断和治疗意义的新研究方向。
