Lukyanov Sergei A, Sergiyko Sergei V, Titov Sergei E, Beltsevich Dmitry G, Veryaskina Yulia A, Vanushko Vladimir E, Urusova Liliya S, Mikheenkov Alexander A, Kozorezova Evgeniya S, Vorobyov Sergey L, Sleptsov Ilya V
Department of General Surgery, South Ural State Medical University, 454092 Chelyabinsk, Russia.
Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Department of the Structure and Function of Chromosomes, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia.
Biomedicines. 2023 May 18;11(5):1473. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines11051473.
The preoperative diagnostics of medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC), including the measuring of the blood calcitonin level, has a number of limitations. Particular focus has recently been placed on the role of miRNAs in the development of various malignant tumors; a comparative analysis of accuracy of the existing methods for MTC diagnosis with a novel diagnosis method, evaluation of the miRNA-375 expression level, was performed in this study. The expression level of miRNA-375 in cytology samples from 555 patients with the known histological diagnosis, including 41 patients with confirmed postoperative diagnosis of MTC, was assessed. The diagnostic parameters of the basal calcitonin level, calcitonin in wash-out fluid from the FNAB needle, and miRNA-375 were compared. An assessment of the miRNA-375 expression level made it possible to detect all the MTC samples with a 100% accuracy among all the 555 cytology specimens, as well as in non-informative FNAB specimens, and specimens from the ipsilateral thyroid lobe. Parameters such as sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV were 100%. The miRNA-375 level, unlike calcitonin, does not correlate with tumor volume, so it does not have the so-called "gray zone". An assessment of the miRNA-375 expression allows one to accurately distinguish MTC from other malignant and benign thyroid tumors.
甲状腺髓样癌（MTC）的术前诊断，包括检测血液降钙素水平，存在一些局限性。最近，人们特别关注微小RNA（miRNA）在各种恶性肿瘤发生发展中的作用；本研究对现有的MTC诊断方法与一种新的诊断方法——评估miRNA - 375表达水平的准确性进行了比较分析。评估了555例已知组织学诊断患者的细胞学样本中miRNA - 375的表达水平，其中包括41例术后确诊为MTC的患者。比较了基础降钙素水平、细针穿刺抽吸活检（FNAB）针冲洗液中的降钙素以及miRNA - 375的诊断参数。对miRNA - 375表达水平的评估能够在所有555例细胞学标本、非诊断性FNAB标本以及同侧甲状腺叶标本中以100%的准确率检测出所有MTC样本。敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值和阴性预测值等参数均为100%。与降钙素不同，miRNA - 375水平与肿瘤体积无关，因此不存在所谓的“灰色地带”。对miRNA - 375表达的评估能够准确地区分MTC与其他恶性和良性甲状腺肿瘤。
