Sönmez Gamze, Ünlütürk Uğur
Department of Medical Biochemistry, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
Endocrine. 2025 May 9. doi: 10.1007/s12020-025-04266-z.
Significant advances have been made in detecting RNA markers that may indicate malignancy in fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) samples.
To review the roles of protein-coding and non-coding RNAs in differentiating between malignant and benign thyroid nodules.
A comprehensive literature search using PubMed, Science Direct, Web of Science, and SCOPUS databases was performed. We searched up until September 2024 and complemented by manual citation search.
A total of 28 full-text articles were reviewed, encompassing 5770 FNAC samples, which included 3489 benign lesions and 2281 malignant lesions. The studies identified 43 messenger RNAs (mRNAs), 16 microRNAs (miRNAs), and 3 long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) that have the potential to distinguish malignant nodules. Among the mRNAs, PAPPA, TIMP1, and HMGA2, as well as the miRNAs, miR-146b, miR-375 and miR-222, appear to be the most promising molecules for diagnosis.
Numerous RNA markers have been shown to differentiate malignant from benign lesions. However, there is still a lack of patient-specific classification for thyroid cancer subtypes. Additionally, future studies should prioritize using a combination of molecular markers rather than relying on individual ones. Although current research mainly focuses on identifying cancer-specific molecules, it is important for future studies to shift towards a more patient-specific approach.
在检测细针穿刺抽吸细胞学（FNAC）样本中可能提示恶性肿瘤的RNA标志物方面已取得重大进展。
综述蛋白质编码RNA和非编码RNA在鉴别甲状腺良恶性结节中的作用。
使用PubMed、Science Direct、Web of Science和SCOPUS数据库进行全面的文献检索。检索截至2024年9月，并辅以手动引文检索。
共纳入28篇全文文章，涵盖5770份FNAC样本，其中包括3489例良性病变和2281例恶性病变。这些研究鉴定出43种信使RNA（mRNA）、16种微小RNA（miRNA）和3种长链非编码RNA（lncRNA）具有区分恶性结节的潜力。在mRNA中，妊娠相关血浆蛋白A（PAPPA）、金属蛋白酶组织抑制因子1（TIMP1）和高迁移率族蛋白A2（HMGA2），以及miRNA中的miR-146b、miR-375和miR-222，似乎是最有诊断前景的分子。
已证实多种RNA标志物可区分良恶性病变。然而，甲状腺癌亚型仍缺乏针对患者的分类。此外，未来研究应优先使用分子标志物组合而非依赖单一标志物。尽管目前的研究主要集中在识别癌症特异性分子，但未来研究向更具患者特异性的方法转变很重要。
