Wadsley Michael, Ihssen Niklas
Department of Psychology, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, UK.
Brain Sci. 2023 May 11;13(5):787. doi: 10.3390/brainsci13050787.
An understanding of the neurocognitive profile underlying the use of social networking sites (SNSs) can help inform decisions about the classification of problematic SNS use as an addictive disorder and elucidate how/when 'SNS addiction' might develop. The present review aimed to synthesize structural and functional MRI research investigating problematic/compulsive forms of SNS use or regular (non-addicted) SNS use behaviours. We conducted a systematic search for research articles published in English using the , , and databases up to October 2022. Studies meeting our inclusion criteria were assessed for quality and a narrative synthesis of the results was conducted. Twenty-eight relevant articles were identified comprising structural MRI ( = 9), resting-state fMRI ( = 6) and task-based fMRI studies ( = 13). Current evidence suggests that problematic SNS use might be characterised by (1) reduced volume of the ventral striatum, amygdala, subgenual anterior cingulate cortex, orbitofrontal cortex and posterior insula; (2) increased ventral striatum and precuneus activity in response to SNS cues; (3) abnormal functional connectivity involving the dorsal attention network; (4) inter-hemispheric communication deficits. Regular SNS use behaviours appear to recruit regions involved in the mentalising network, the self-referential cognition network, the salience network, the reward network and the default mode network. Such findings are at least partially consistent with observations from the substance addiction literature and provide some provisional support for the addictive potential of SNSs. Nonetheless, the present review is limited by the small number of eligible studies and large heterogeneity in the methods employed, and so our conclusions should remain tentative. Moreover, there is a lack of longitudinal evidence suggesting SNSs neuroadaptations and thus conclusions that problematic SNS use represents a disease process akin to substance use addictions are premature. More well-powered longitudinal research is needed to establish the neural consequences of excessive and problematic SNS use.
了解社交网站（SNS）使用背后的神经认知概况，有助于为将问题性SNS使用归类为成瘾性障碍的决策提供信息，并阐明“SNS成瘾”可能如何/何时发展。本综述旨在综合结构和功能磁共振成像（MRI）研究，这些研究调查了问题性/强迫性SNS使用形式或常规（非成瘾性）SNS使用行为。我们使用截至2022年10月的、和数据库，对以英文发表的研究文章进行了系统检索。对符合我们纳入标准的研究进行质量评估，并对结果进行叙述性综合分析。确定了28篇相关文章，包括结构MRI（=9）、静息态功能磁共振成像（=6）和基于任务的功能磁共振成像研究（=13）。目前的证据表明，问题性SNS使用可能具有以下特征：（1）腹侧纹状体、杏仁核、膝下前扣带回皮质、眶额皮质和后岛叶体积减小；（2）对SNS线索做出反应时腹侧纹状体和楔前叶活动增加；（3）涉及背侧注意网络的功能连接异常；（4）半球间沟通缺陷。常规SNS使用行为似乎会激活涉及心理化网络、自我参照认知网络、突显网络、奖励网络和默认模式网络的区域。这些发现至少部分与物质成瘾文献中的观察结果一致，并为SNS的成瘾潜力提供了一些初步支持。尽管如此，本综述受到合格研究数量少以及所采用方法的巨大异质性的限制，因此我们的结论应保持暂定。此外，缺乏纵向证据表明SNS存在神经适应性变化，因此认为问题性SNS使用代表类似于物质使用成瘾的疾病过程的结论还为时过早。需要更多有足够说服力的纵向研究来确定过度和问题性SNS使用的神经后果。
