School of Health Science, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown Campus, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia.
Mizoram State AIDS Control Society, Mizoram 796012, India.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023 May 19;20(10):5871. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20105871.
This study aimed to examine the changes in and predictors of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) among people who inject drugs (PWID) in Mizoram, Northeast India, over a period of 15 years (2007-2021). A sample of 14783 PWID was extracted from the Targeted Intervention (TI) services under the Mizoram State AIDS Control Society (MSACS). A chi-square test was used to compare the differences in HIV prevalence across the three 5-year periods, and a multiple logistic regression analysis was used to determine predictors after adjusting for sociodemographic, injecting and sexual behaviours. The results showed that compared to 2007-2011, HIV prevalence was almost three times higher in 2012-2016 (AOR 2.35; 95% CI 2.07-2.66) and almost two times higher in 2017-2021 (AOR 1.41; 95% CI 1.24-1.59). The results suggest that participants who were females (AOR 2.35; 95% CI 2.07-2.66), married (AOR 1.13; 95% CI 1.00-1.27), separated/divorced/widowed (AOR 1.74; 95% CI 1.54-1.96), of middle school level education (AOR 1.24; 95% CI 1.06-1.44), sharing needles/syringes (AOR 1.78; 95% CI 1.61-1.98) and receiving a regular monthly income were positively associated with HIV infection. Condom use with a regular partner (AOR 0.77; 95% CI 0.70-0.85) was high among PWID. Despite targeted interventions under MSACS to reduce HIV in Mizoram, the prevalence of HIV/AIDS among PWID remained high between 2007 and 2021. Policymakers and stakeholders should tailor future interventions based on the factors identified in this study that are associated with HIV infection. Our findings highlight the importance of socio-cultural factors in HIV epidemiology among PWID in Mizoram.
本研究旨在探讨在印度东北部米佐拉姆邦（Mizoram），15 年间（2007-2021 年），注射吸毒者（PWID）中人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）的变化及其预测因素。从米佐拉姆邦艾滋病控制协会（MSACS）的目标干预（TI）服务中抽取了 14783 名 PWID 样本。使用卡方检验比较了三个 5 年期间 HIV 流行率的差异，并用多因素逻辑回归分析调整了社会人口统计学、注射和性行为因素后，确定了预测因素。结果表明，与 2007-2011 年相比，2012-2016 年 HIV 流行率几乎增加了三倍（AOR 2.35；95%CI 2.07-2.66），2017-2021 年几乎增加了两倍（AOR 1.41；95%CI 1.24-1.59）。结果表明，女性（AOR 2.35；95%CI 2.07-2.66）、已婚（AOR 1.13；95%CI 1.00-1.27）、分居/离婚/丧偶（AOR 1.74；95%CI 1.54-1.96）、中学教育水平（AOR 1.24；95%CI 1.06-1.44）、共用针具/注射器（AOR 1.78；95%CI 1.61-1.98）和有稳定月收入的参与者与 HIV 感染呈正相关。与固定性伴侣使用避孕套（AOR 0.77；95%CI 0.70-0.85）在 PWID 中较为普遍。尽管 MSACS 采取了有针对性的干预措施以降低米佐拉姆邦的 HIV 流行率，但 2007 年至 2021 年期间，PWID 中的 HIV/AIDS 流行率仍然很高。决策者和利益相关者应根据本研究确定的与 HIV 感染相关的因素，制定未来的干预措施。我们的研究结果强调了社会文化因素在米佐拉姆邦 PWID 中 HIV 流行病学中的重要性。
