School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia.
Mizoram State Aids Control Society, Aizawl 796001, Mizoram, India.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2024 Jul 4;21(7):874. doi: 10.3390/ijerph21070874.
HIV and drug overdose continue to be the leading causes of death among people who inject drugs (PWID). Mizoram, a small state in the northeast of India, has the highest prevalence of HIV in India and a high HIV prevalence among PWID. To estimate the mortality among HIV-positive and HIV-negative PWID and to describe its associated factors. Cross-sectional datasets from the 2007-2021 Mizoram State AIDS Control Society (MSACS) data comprising 14626 PWID were analyzed. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to examine the factors associated with mortality among HIV-negative and HIV-positive PWID after adjusting for potential confounding factors. Mortality among HIV-negative PWID declined by 59% between 2007 and 2021. The mortality rate among HIV-positive PWID also declined by 41% between 2007 and 2021. The multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that being divorced/separated/widowed (AOR = 1.41, 95% CI 1.03-1.94) remained positively associated with mortality among HIV-positive PWID. Mortality among HIV-negative PWID remained positively associated with ages of 24-34 years (AOR = 1.54, 95% CI 1.29-1.84) and above 35 years (AOR = 2.08, 95% CI 1.52-2.86), being divorced/separated/widowed (AOR = 1.28, 95% CI 1.02-1.61), and the sharing of needles/syringes (AOR = 1.28, 95% CI 1.34-2.00). Mortality among HIV-negative PWID was negatively associated with being married (AOR = 0.72, 95% CI 0.57-0.90), being employed (AOR = 0.77, 95% CI 0.64-0.94), and having a monthly income. The mortality rate among HIV-negative and HIV-positive PWID declined significantly between 2007 and 2021 in Mizoram. To further reduce mortality among PWID, interventions should target those sharing needles/syringes, those above 24 years of age, and unmarried participants.
艾滋病毒和药物过量仍然是注射吸毒者（PWID）死亡的主要原因。印度东北部的米佐拉姆邦是印度艾滋病毒感染率最高的邦，也是 PWID 中艾滋病毒感染率较高的邦。目的是评估艾滋病毒阳性和阴性 PWID 的死亡率，并描述其相关因素。对 2007-2021 年米佐拉姆邦艾滋病控制协会（MSACS）数据中的 14626 名 PWID 进行了包含横断面数据集的分析。对调整潜在混杂因素后，对 HIV 阴性和 HIV 阳性 PWID 死亡相关因素进行了逻辑回归分析。2007 年至 2021 年间，HIV 阴性 PWID 的死亡率下降了 59%。2007 年至 2021 年间，HIV 阳性 PWID 的死亡率也下降了 41%。多因素逻辑回归分析显示，离婚/分居/丧偶（AOR=1.41，95%CI1.03-1.94）与 HIV 阳性 PWID 的死亡率仍呈正相关。24-34 岁（AOR=1.54，95%CI1.29-1.84）和 35 岁以上（AOR=2.08，95%CI1.52-2.86）的 HIV 阴性 PWID 的死亡率仍与年龄呈正相关，离婚/分居/丧偶（AOR=1.28，95%CI1.02-1.61）和共用针具/注射器（AOR=1.28，95%CI1.34-2.00）。HIV 阴性 PWID 的死亡率与已婚（AOR=0.72，95%CI0.57-0.90）、就业（AOR=0.77，95%CI0.64-0.94）和月收入呈负相关。2007 年至 2021 年间，米佐拉姆邦 HIV 阴性和 HIV 阳性 PWID 的死亡率显著下降。为了进一步降低 PWID 的死亡率，干预措施应针对共用针具/注射器、24 岁以上和未婚的参与者。
