Puig-Amores Ismael, Cuadrado-Gordillo Isabel, Martín-Mora-Parra Guadalupe
Department of Psychology and Anthropology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Extremadura, 06071 Badajoz, Spain.
Healthcare (Basel). 2023 May 22;11(10):1505. doi: 10.3390/healthcare11101505.
Health services are especially relevant in suicide prevention and intervention, representing a favourable environment in which to implement specific strategies to detect and address suicidal behaviours. Indeed, a significant proportion of people who die by suicide (DBS) present at primary care and mental health services during the last year, month, or even days before committing suicide. The objective of this descriptive and cross-sectional study of all registered cases of death by suicide ( = 265) in Extremadura (Spain) was to determine which of those people who died by suicide had mental health problems (MHP) and what type of assistance they had requested. Diagnoses, previous suicide attempts, type of health service, and last visit before death were explored with univariate analyses and logistic regressions. The proportion of people without MHP was found to be high, and these people had hardly visited the health services at all in their last year. People with MHP, between the ages of 40 and 69, and with previous suicide attempts were more likely to have visited the mental health service in the three months prior to their death. It is, thus, necessary to provide health professionals with tools and training in the prevention of and approach to suicide. Efforts must be directed towards effectively assessing mental health and the risk of suicide since a large proportion of people who die by suicide may go unnoticed.
卫生服务在自杀预防和干预中尤为重要，它为实施检测和应对自杀行为的具体策略提供了有利环境。事实上，很大一部分自杀死亡者在自杀前的最后一年、一个月甚至几天内曾前往初级保健和心理健康服务机构就诊。这项针对西班牙埃斯特雷马杜拉地区所有登记自杀死亡病例（n = 265）的描述性横断面研究的目的是确定哪些自杀死亡者存在心理健康问题以及他们曾寻求何种类型的帮助。通过单变量分析和逻辑回归探讨了诊断情况、既往自杀未遂史、卫生服务类型以及死亡前的最后一次就诊情况。结果发现，没有心理健康问题的人群比例较高，而且这些人在最后一年几乎没有去过卫生服务机构。年龄在40至69岁之间且有过自杀未遂史的心理健康问题患者在死亡前三个月更有可能前往心理健康服务机构就诊。因此，有必要为卫生专业人员提供预防和应对自杀的工具及培训。必须致力于有效评估心理健康状况和自杀风险，因为很大一部分自杀死亡者可能未被发现。
