Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, Alexandrion University Campus, 57400 Sindos, Greece.
Laboratory of Medical Biology-Genetics, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
Int J Mol Sci. 2023 May 19;24(10):8976. doi: 10.3390/ijms24108976.
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a rapidly growing disease that affects millions of people worldwide, therefore there is an urgent need for its early diagnosis and treatment. A huge amount of research studies are performed on possible accurate and reliable diagnostic biomarkers of AD. Due to its direct contact with extracellular space of the brain, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is the most useful biological fluid reflecting molecular events in the brain. Proteins and molecules that reflect the pathogenesis of the disease, e.g., neurodegeneration, accumulation of Abeta, hyperphosphorylation of tau protein and apoptosis may be used as biomarkers. The aim of the current manuscript is to present the most commonly used CSF biomarkers for AD as well as novel biomarkers. Three CSF biomarkers, namely total tau, phospho-tau and Abeta42, are believed to have the highest diagnostic accuracy for early AD diagnosis and the ability to predict AD development in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients. Moreover, other biomarkers such as soluble amyloid precursor protein (APP), apoptotic proteins, secretases and inflammatory and oxidation markers are believed to have increased future prospects.
阿尔茨海默病（AD）是一种快速增长的疾病，影响着全球数以百万计的人，因此迫切需要对其进行早期诊断和治疗。大量的研究致力于寻找 AD 的准确、可靠的诊断生物标志物。由于其直接接触大脑的细胞外间隙，脑脊液（CSF）是反映大脑内分子事件的最有用的生物液体。可以将反映疾病发病机制的蛋白质和分子（如神经退行性变、Abeta 积累、tau 蛋白过度磷酸化和细胞凋亡）用作生物标志物。本文的目的是介绍 AD 最常用的 CSF 生物标志物以及新的生物标志物。有三种 CSF 生物标志物，即总 tau、磷酸化 tau 和 Abeta42，被认为对早期 AD 诊断具有最高的诊断准确性，并且能够预测轻度认知障碍（MCI）患者的 AD 发展。此外，其他生物标志物，如可溶性淀粉样前体蛋白（APP）、凋亡蛋白、分泌酶和炎症及氧化标志物，被认为具有更大的应用前景。
